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Despite its prominence in endemic areas, TOSV infection is frequently underdiagnosed, particularly among international travellers.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Case presentation<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A 24-year-old Hungarian male patient developed acute serous meningitis two weeks after returning from Naples, Italy. Symptoms began with a severe headache, accompanied by two episodes of vomiting. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis showed lymphocytic pleocytosis, elevated protein, and normal glucose levels. TOSV RNA was detected in CSF by RT-PCR, and a 350-nucleotide S-segment sequence showed 99% nucleotide identity to a TOSV lineage A strain previously identified in Italy. Seropositivity in the convalescent serum sample also confirmed the acute infection. Interestingly, blood panel tests showed markedly elevated total IgE levels (437 kU\/L).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To our knowledge, this represents the first molecularly confirmed case of TOSV neuroinvasive disease acquired in the Campania region since 2005. This report emphasizes TOSV as an emerging travel-associated neurotropic pathogen beyond its traditional central Italian focus, and supports the inclusion of TOSV in diagnostic panels for travellers with acute neurological symptoms following exposure in Mediterranean regions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s40794-026-00306-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]],"date-time":"2026-05-20T16:13:34Z","timestamp":1779293614000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Toscana virus infection acquired in Campania, Italy, in a Hungarian traveller: case report with mini-review"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Mohamed","family":"Mahdi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Imre","family":"Bakos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anita","family":"Koroknai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M\u00e1rk","family":"Koz\u00e1k","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nikolett","family":"Csonka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Nagy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Istv\u00e1n Zsolt","family":"V\u00e1rkonyi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"306_CR1","unstructured":"Kuhn JH, Abe J, Adkins S, Alkhovsky SV, Avsic-Zupanc T, Ayllon MA, Bahl J, Balkema-Buschmann A, Ballinger MJ, Kumar Baranwal V, et al. 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