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Among the manifestations of under-nutrition, stunting accounts for the larger proportion, which is associated with multiple factors. In Ethiopia, however, the link between intestinal inflammation and childhood stunting was not well investigated. Therefore, the present study aimed to determine the association between gut inflammation and childhood stunting.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted and a total of 82 children were included in the study. Anthropometric data were collected by measuring weight in underwear and without shoes with an electronic scale to the nearest 0.1\u00a0kg and their height in the Frankfort plane with a telescopic height instrument. Environmental risk factors for enteric bacterial exposure, access to improved sources of drinking water, and the presence of facilities for hygiene and sanitation conditions were assessed using a questionnaire. Gut inflammation was tested through fecal leukocyte count and each sample was stained with methylene blue. Stool samples were inoculated on MacConkey agar, Salmonella-Shigella agar, and Xylose Lysine Deoxycholate agar after enrichment with Selenite cystine broth and incubated at 37\u00a0\u00b0C for 18\u201324\u00a0h. Binary and multiple logistic regressions and Chi-square models were used to analyze the data.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Result<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Data from the current study revealed that gut inflammation was (AOR: 5.28, 95% CI: 1.32\u201322.25) associated with stunting. On the other hand, children with reported diarrhea within the last week were 6 times more likely for the probability of being stunted (AOR: 6.21, 95% CI: 2.68\u201326.83). The findings of this study also demonstrated that children from a household with a family size of more than 5 members were three times more likely to be stunted than their counterparts (AOR: 3.21, 95% CI: 1.20 -10.13). Facts of the current study demonstrated that breastfeeding for 24 months and below was negatively associated (AOR: 0.3; 95% CI: -0.46-0.89) with gut inflammation. Detection of <jats:italic>E.coli<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Shigella<\/jats:italic> species in the stool samples of children and Menaheria residents were positively associated with gut inflammation (AOR: 5.4, 95% CI: 1.32\u201322.25; AOR: 5, 95% CI: 1.47\u201324.21), respectively.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Therefore, there was a strong correlation between stunting and gastrointestinal inflammation. Moreover, stunting was associated with diarrhea, breastfeeding duration, residence, and family size. Similarly, intestinal inflammation was linked to residence, breastfeeding duration, and the prevalence of bacterial infections such as <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Shigella<\/jats:italic> species.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s40795-023-00701-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,21]],"date-time":"2023-03-21T13:02:45Z","timestamp":1679403765000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Factors associated with stunting: gut inflammation and child and maternal-related contributors among under-five children in Hawassa City, Sidama Region, Ethiopia"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Berhanu Kibemo","family":"Lefebo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dejene Hailu","family":"Kassa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Baye Gelaw","family":"Tarekegn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"701_CR1","unstructured":"IFPRI. 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Am J Gastroenterol. 2017;112(9):1412\u201322.","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"}],"container-title":["BMC Nutrition"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s40795-023-00701-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s40795-023-00701-4\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s40795-023-00701-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,21]],"date-time":"2023-03-21T13:03:58Z","timestamp":1679403838000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcnutr.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s40795-023-00701-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,21]]},"references-count":54,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]}},"alternative-id":["701"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40795-023-00701-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["2055-0928"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2055-0928","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,21]]},"assertion":[{"value":"9 November 2022","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 March 2023","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"21 March 2023","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This study was conducted according to the guidelines laid out in the Declaration of Helsinki, and all procedures involving human subjects were approved by the Institutional Review Board of Hawassa University (Ref. No.: IRB\/086\/13). Verbal informed consent was obtained from all parents of children included in the study. Verbal consent was witnessed and formally recorded. Eventually, the procedure of verbal informed consent was approved by IRB at Hawassa University.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical consideration"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"All authors have no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}],"article-number":"54"}}