{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T06:03:12Z","timestamp":1791957792146,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,13]],"date-time":"2024-11-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1731456000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,13]],"date-time":"2024-11-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1731456000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Nutr"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s40795-024-00958-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,13]],"date-time":"2024-11-13T19:03:15Z","timestamp":1731524595000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Improving dietary diversity and food security among low-income families during financial crisis using cash transfers and mHealth: experience from two selected districts in Sri Lanka"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Millawage Supun Dilara","family":"Wijesinghe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Upeksha Gayani","family":"Karawita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nissanka Achchi Kankanamalage Ayoma","family":"Nissanka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Balangoda Muhamdiramlage Indika","family":"Gunawardana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weerasinghe Mudiyanselage Prasad Ch","family":"Weerasinghe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yakupitiyage Asanka","family":"Supun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dilka Rashmi","family":"Peiris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roshan Dela","family":"Bandara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ranjith","family":"Batuwanthudawe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"958_CR1","unstructured":"Mannar V, Micha R, Allemandi L, Afshin A, Baker P, Battersby J et al. 2020 global nutrition report: action on equity to end malnutrition. 89023; 2020. Report No.: 1916445276. https:\/\/globalnutritionreport.org\/reports\/2020-global-nutrition-report\/. Accessed 20 April 2024."},{"key":"958_CR2","volume-title":"The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2022: Repurposing Food and Agricultural policies to make healthy diets more affordable","author":"Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)","year":"2022","unstructured":"Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2022: Repurposing Food and Agricultural policies to make healthy diets more affordable. Rome: FAO; 2022."},{"key":"958_CR3","volume-title":"Updated estimates of the impact of COVID-19 on global poverty: turning the corner on the pandemic in 2021?","author":"World Bank","year":"2021","unstructured":"World Bank. Updated estimates of the impact of COVID-19 on global poverty: turning the corner on the pandemic in 2021? Washington D.C.: World Bank Group; 2021."},{"key":"958_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Campbell CC. Food insecurity: a nutritional outcome or a predictor variable? J Nutr. 1991;121(3):408\u201315. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jn\/121.3.408. Accessed 27 April 2024.","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/121.3.408"},{"key":"958_CR5","unstructured":"WHO, Nutrition. [cited 2024 Apr 30]. Nutrition. https:\/\/www.who.int\/health-topics\/nutrition. Accessed 15 April 2024."},{"key":"958_CR6","unstructured":"Family Health Bureau Ministry of Health Sri Lanka. Summary Report - Nutrition Month 2023 [Internet]. 2023 [cited 2024 Oct 3]. https:\/\/fhb.health.gov.lk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/Nutrition-Month-2023-Report-English.pdf. Accessed 25 April 2024."},{"key":"958_CR7","unstructured":"Department of Census and Statistics Sri Lanka. Demographic and Health Survey 2016 - Presentations [Internet]. 2023 [cited 2024 Oct 3]. http:\/\/www.statistics.gov.lk\/Health\/StaticalInformation\/DHS. Accessed 8 May 2024."},{"key":"958_CR8","unstructured":"Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Special Report \u2013 FAO\/WFP Crop and Food Security Assessment Mission (CFSAM) to the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka [Internet]. FAO, WFP. ; 2022 [cited 2024 May 17]. http:\/\/www.fao.org\/documents\/card\/en\/c\/cc1886en. Accessed 16 April 2024."},{"key":"958_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Weerasekara PC, Withanachchi CR, Ginigaddara GAS, Ploeger A. Understanding dietary diversity, dietary practices and changes in food patterns in marginalised societies in Sri Lanka. Foods. 2020;9(11):1659. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/foods9111659. Accessed 27 April 2024.","DOI":"10.3390\/foods9111659"},{"key":"958_CR10","volume-title":"mHealth: New horizons for health through mobile technologies","author":"World Health Organization (WHO)","year":"2011","unstructured":"World Health Organization (WHO). mHealth: New horizons for health through mobile technologies. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2011."},{"key":"958_CR11","unstructured":"Mobile Alliance for Maternal Action (MAMA). Lessons Learned Brief [Internet]. [cited 2024 May 1]. https:\/\/mcsprogram.org\/resource\/mobile-alliance-maternal-action-mama-lessons-learned-brief\/. Accessed 16 April 2024."},{"key":"958_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ahsan A, Raihan A. Understanding mHealth impact among Aponjon (MAMA Bangladesh) subscribers through a phone survey in Bangladesh. In: Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Information and Communications Technologies and Development: Notes - Volume 2 [Internet]. New York, NY, USA: Association for Computing Machinery; 2013 [cited 2024 May 1]. pp. 1\u20134. (ICTD \u201913). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/2517899.2517920. Accessed 25 April 2024.","DOI":"10.1145\/2517899.2517920"},{"issue":"9","key":"958_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e17659","DOI":"10.2196\/17659","volume":"22","author":"A Acharya","year":"2020","unstructured":"Acharya A, Cunningham K, Manandhar S, Shrestha N, Chen M, Weissman A. Exploring the Use of Mobile Health to Improve Community-Based Health and Nutrition Service Utilization in the hills of Nepal: qualitative study. J Med Internet Res. 2020;22(9):e17659. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2196\/17659. Accessed 28 April 2024.","journal-title":"J Med Internet Res"},{"key":"958_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Peiris DR, Wijesinghe MSD, Gunawardana BMI, Weerasinghe WMPC, Rajapaksha RMNU, Rathnayake KM, et al. Mobile phone-based Nutrition Education Targeting pregnant and nursing mothers in Sri Lanka. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2023;20(3):2324. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph20032324. Accessed 20 April 2024.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph20032324"},{"issue":"1","key":"958_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16010129","volume":"16","author":"E Czarniecka-Skubina","year":"2023","unstructured":"Czarniecka-Skubina E, Hamulka J, Gutkowska K. How can we increase the Nutrition-related knowledge in children aged 7\u201312 years: results of focus groups interviews with parents\u2014Junior-Edu-\u017bywienie (JE\u017b) Project. Nutrients. 2023;16(1):129. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu16010129. Accessed 30 April 2024.","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"958_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Hall CS, Fottrell E, Wilkinson S, Byass P. Assessing the impact of mHealth interventions in low- and middle-income countries \u2013 what has been shown to work? Glob Health Action. 2014;7(1):25606. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2196\/mhealth.8873. Accessed 6 May 2024.","DOI":"10.2196\/mhealth.8873"},{"key":"958_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2017.08.022","volume":"105","author":"R McCarroll","year":"2017","unstructured":"McCarroll R, Eyles H, Ni Mhurchu C. Effectiveness of mobile health (mHealth) interventions for promoting healthy eating in adults: a systematic review. Prev Med. 2017;105:156\u201368. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ypmed.2017.08.022. Accessed 8 May.","journal-title":"Prev Med"},{"key":"958_CR18","unstructured":"Information and Communication Technology agency of Sri Lanka - Brief of Scope of services Process Study and Business Process. Re - engineering solution for Divisional Secretariat (eDS) [Internet]. [cited 2022]. www.icta.lk. Accessed 10 October 2024."},{"key":"958_CR19","unstructured":"Department of Samurdhi Development. - Dawn of New Era [Internet]. [cited 2022 Aug 10]. http:\/\/www.samurdhi.gov.lk\/web\/images\/stories\/publications\/english\/dawn_of_a_new_era.pdf. Accessed 08 October 2024."},{"key":"958_CR20","unstructured":"Ministry of Social Empowerment and Welfare. - Samurdhi Act, No. 1 of 2013 [Internet]. [cited 2013]. [Internet]. [cited 2022 Aug 10]. Accessed 08 October 2024."},{"key":"958_CR21","unstructured":"Lwanga SK, Lemeshow S, World Health Organization. Sample size determination in health studies: a practical manual. World Health Organization; 1991. https:\/\/iris.who.int\/handle\/10665\/40062. Accessed 16 April 2024."},{"key":"958_CR22","unstructured":"Global Diet Quality Project. - DQQ Tools [Internet]. [cited 2022 Oct 27]. https:\/\/www.globaldietquality.org\/dqq. Accessed 20 April 2024."},{"key":"958_CR23","unstructured":"USDA. 2012. [Begin Six-Item Food Security Module]. https:\/\/www.ers.usda.gov\/topics\/food-nutrition-assistance\/food-security-in-the-u-s\/survey-tools\/#six. Accessed 28 April 2024."},{"key":"958_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ruel MT. Operationalizing Dietary Diversity: a review of Measurement issues and Research priorities. J Nutr. 2003;133(11):S3911\u201326. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jn\/133.11.3911S. Accessed 8 May 2024.","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/133.11.3911S"},{"key":"958_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Uyar BTM, Talsma EF, Herforth AW, Trijsburg LE, Vogliano C, Pastori G et al. The DQQ is a Valid Tool to Collect Population-Level Food Group Consumption Data: A Study Among Women in Ethiopia, Vietnam, and Solomon Islands. J Nutr. 2023;153(1):340\u201351. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tjnut.2022.12.014. Accessed 28 April 2024.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2022.12.014"},{"key":"958_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Arimond M, Wiesmann D, Ram\u00edrez S, Levy T, Ma S, Zou Z, et al. Food group diversity and nutrient adequacy: dietary diversity as a proxy for micronutrient adequacy for different age and sex groups in Mexico and China. GAIN Discuss Pap. 2021;9. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.36072\/dp.9. Accessed 27 April 2024.","DOI":"10.36072\/dp.9"},{"key":"958_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Development of a dichotomous indicator for population-level assessment of dietary diversity in women of reproductive age. Curr Dev Nutr. 2017;1(12):cdn-117. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3945\/cdn.117.001701. Accessed 06 May 2024.","DOI":"10.3945\/cdn.117.001701"},{"key":"958_CR28","unstructured":"Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Minimum dietary diversity for women [Internet]. FAO. 2021 [cited 2024 May 17]. http:\/\/www.fao.org\/documents\/card\/en\/c\/cb3434en. Accessed 30 April 2024."},{"key":"958_CR29","unstructured":"Herforth A. Diet Quality Questionnaire (DQQ) Indicator Guide. 2022; https:\/\/www.dietquality.org\/tools. Accessed 27 April 2024."},{"key":"958_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Herforth AW, Wiesmann D, Mart\u00ednez-Steele E, Andrade G, Monteiro CA. Introducing a suite of low-burden diet quality indicators that reflect healthy diet patterns at population level. Curr Dev Nutr. 2020;4(12):nzaa168. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/cdn\/nzaa168. Accessed 25 April 2024.","DOI":"10.1093\/cdn\/nzaa168"},{"key":"958_CR31","unstructured":"Frankenberger T, Pe\u00f1a-Montenegro A, Tilakaratna S, Velarde N, Eide WB. Rural poverty alleviation and nutrition: IFAD\u2019s evolving experiences. 1993."},{"issue":"8","key":"958_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1231","DOI":"10.2105\/ajph.89.8.1231","volume":"89","author":"SJ Blumberg","year":"1999","unstructured":"Blumberg SJ, Bialostosky K, Hamilton WL, Briefel RR. The effectiveness of a short form of the Household Food Security Scale. Am J Public Health. 1999;89(8):1231\u20134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2105\/ajph.89.8.1231. Accessed 28 April 2024.","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"key":"958_CR33","unstructured":"United States Department of Agriculture. U.S. Household Food Security Survey Module: Six-Item Short Form [Internet]. 2012. https:\/\/www.ers.usda.gov\/media\/8282\/short2012.pdf. Accessed 6 May 2024."},{"key":"958_CR34","unstructured":"Department of Census and Statistics [Internet]. [cited 2024 May 1]. http:\/\/www.statistics.gov.lk\/Population\/PopHouStat_Population#gsc.tab=0. Accessed 25 April 2024."},{"key":"958_CR35","unstructured":"Department of Census and Statistics Sri Lanka. Literacy rate of population (age 10 years and above) by district and sex, 2021 [Internet]. 2021 [cited 2024 Oct 3]. http:\/\/www.statistics.gov.lk\/Resource\/en\/GenderStatistics\/Education\/LiteracyRateOfPopulation-10YearsAndAbove-ByDistrictAndSex.pdf. Accessed 08 May 2024."},{"issue":"4","key":"958_CR36","first-page":"288","volume":"19","author":"M Behzadifar","year":"2016","unstructured":"Behzadifar M, Student MB, Bs SA, Salmani MA, Ghoreishinia G, Falahi E, et al. Prevalence of Food Insecurity in Iran: a systematic review and Meta-analysis. Arch Iran Med. 2016;19(4):288\u201394. PMID: 27041526. Accessed 27 April 2024.","journal-title":"Arch Iran Med"},{"key":"958_CR37","unstructured":"Global Diet Quality Project [Internet]. [cited 2024 May 13]. https:\/\/www.dietquality.org\/indicators\/gdr-score\/map. Accessed 17 April 2024."},{"issue":"3","key":"958_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"nzz002","DOI":"10.1093\/cdn\/nzz002","volume":"3","author":"L Adubra","year":"2019","unstructured":"Adubra L, Savy M, Fortin S, Kameli Y, E Kodjo N, Fainke K, et al. The Minimum Dietary Diversity for women of Reproductive Age (MDD-W) Indicator is related to Household Food Insecurity and Farm Production Diversity: evidence from rural Mali. Curr Dev Nutr. 2019;3(3):nzz002. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/cdn\/nzz002. Accessed 27 April 2024.","journal-title":"Curr Dev Nutr"}],"container-title":["BMC Nutrition"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s40795-024-00958-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s40795-024-00958-3\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s40795-024-00958-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,13]],"date-time":"2024-11-13T20:05:14Z","timestamp":1731528314000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcnutr.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s40795-024-00958-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,13]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["958"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40795-024-00958-3","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-4496263\/v1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2055-0928"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2055-0928","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,13]]},"assertion":[{"value":"29 May 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"6 November 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"13 November 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"All methods of this study were performed in accordance with the ethical principles of the Declaration of Helsinki for medical research involving human subjects. Ethical clearance was obtained from the Postgraduate Institute of Medicine, University of Colombo, 160, Prof. Nandadasa Kodagoda Mw, Colombo 07, and Sri Lanka (ERC\/PGIM\/2022\/183). Informed consent was obtained from all study participants.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"150"}}