{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T04:32:44Z","timestamp":1772166764382,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,26]],"date-time":"2025-02-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740528000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,26]],"date-time":"2025-02-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740528000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Nutr"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s40795-025-01030-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,26]],"date-time":"2025-02-26T05:08:42Z","timestamp":1740546522000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["A multilevel analysis of the factors associated with minimum acceptable diets among children aged 6\u201323 months in Lesotho: a study of the Lesotho Multiple Cluster Indicator 2018"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Nthatisi","family":"Leseba","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kerry","family":"Vermaak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tiisetso","family":"Makatjane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"1030_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Moghames P, Hammami N, Hwalla N, Yazbeck N, Shoaib H, Nasreddine L, Naja F. Validity and reliability of a food frequency questionnaire to estimate dietary intake among Lebanese children. Nutrition J. 2015;15:1\u201312.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12937-015-0121-1"},{"key":"1030_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13690-017-0216-6","volume":"75","author":"M Tegegne","year":"2017","unstructured":"Tegegne M, Sileshi S, Benti T, Teshome M, Woldie H. Factors associated with minimal meal frequency and dietary diversity practices among infants and young children in the predominantly agrarian society of Bale zone, Southeast Ethiopia: a community based cross sectional study. Archives of Public Health. 2017;75:1\u201311.","journal-title":"Archives of Public Health"},{"issue":"10","key":"1030_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0223237","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0223237","volume":"14","author":"E Custodio","year":"2019","unstructured":"Custodio E, Herrador Z, Nkunzimana T, W\u0119ziak-Bia\u0142owolska D, Perez-Hoyos A, Kayitakire F. Children\u2019s dietary diversity and related factors in Rwanda and Burundi: A multilevel analysis using 2010 Demographic and Health Surveys. PLoS ONE. 2019;14(10): e0223237.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"1030_CR4","first-page":"8240864","volume":"1","author":"M Wagris","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wagris M, Seid A, Kahssay M, Ahmed O. Minimum meal frequency practice and its associated factors among children aged 6\u201323 months in Amibara District, North East Ethiopia. J Environ Public Health. 2019;1:8240864.","journal-title":"J Environ Public Health"},{"key":"1030_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s40795-021-00444-0","volume":"7","author":"B Birie","year":"2021","unstructured":"Birie B, Kassa A, Kebede E, Terefe B. Minimum acceptable diet practice and its associated factors among children aged 6\u201323 months in rural communities of Goncha district, north West Ethiopia. BMC nutrition. 2021;7:1\u20139.","journal-title":"BMC nutrition"},{"issue":"4","key":"1030_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3273","DOI":"10.1007\/s11135-022-01501-x","volume":"57","author":"AM Asif","year":"2023","unstructured":"Asif AM, Akbar M. A non-linear decomposition analysis of children\u2019s dietary diversity scores: explaining rural-urban inequality. Qual Quant. 2023;57(4):3273\u201384.","journal-title":"Qual Quant"},{"key":"1030_CR7","unstructured":"United Nations Children\u2019s Fund (UNICEF)., 2019. Breastfeeding from the first hour of birth: What works and what hurts. Available at: https:\/\/www.unicef.org\/stories\/breastfeeding-first-hour-birth-what-works-and-what-hurts, [Accessed: 24 March 2024]."},{"key":"1030_CR8","unstructured":"World Health Organization (WHO)., 2020. Infant and young child feeding. [online] Available at: https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/infant-and-young-child-feeding, [Accessed: 7 March 2022]."},{"key":"1030_CR9","first-page":"474","volume":"3","author":"M Kaur","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kaur M, Kaur J, Sirswal S, Kumari S, Thakur N, Duna B, Kaur P, Kalyan G, Vaidya PC. Assessment of feeding practices of young children less than 2 years of age. EC Paediatrics. 2017;3:474\u201387.","journal-title":"EC Paediatrics"},{"issue":"2","key":"1030_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.3923\/pjn.2018.51.56","volume":"17","author":"HY Terati","year":"2018","unstructured":"Terati HY, Susanto E. Effects of diet and breastfeeding duration on the stunting status of children under 5 years of age at maternal and child health centers of the Palembang regional office of health. Pakistan J Nutr. 2018;17(2):51\u20136.","journal-title":"Pakistan J Nutr"},{"key":"1030_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102368","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodpol.2022.102368","volume":"112","author":"M Heemann","year":"2022","unstructured":"Heemann M, Kim R, Sharma S, Vollmer S, Subramanian SV. Food group consumption patterns among children meeting and not meeting WHO\u2019s recommended dietary diversity: Evidence from 197,514 children in 59 countries. Food Policy. 2022;112: 102368.","journal-title":"Food Policy"},{"key":"1030_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Solomon D, Aderaw Z, Tegegne TK. Minimum dietary diversity and associated factors among children aged 6\u201323 months in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Int J Equity Health. 2017;16:1\u20139.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12939-017-0680-1"},{"key":"1030_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Khamis AG, Mwanri AW, Ntwenya JE, Kreppel K. The influence of dietary diversity on the nutritional status of children between 6 and 23 months of age in Tanzania. BMC Pediatrics. 2019;19:1\u20139.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12887-019-1897-5"},{"key":"1030_CR14","unstructured":"UNICEF, WHO and World Bank Group., 2016. Levels and trends in child malnutrition. [online] Available at: https:\/\/data.unicef.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/JME-2017-brochure-1.pdf, [Accessed: 27 May 2020]."},{"key":"1030_CR15","unstructured":"United Nations., 2021. How children in Lesotho experience poverty ... in Lesotho, United Nations. Available at: https:\/\/lesotho.un.org\/en\/164949-how-children-lesotho-experience-poverty, [Accessed: 26 June 2023]."},{"issue":"10","key":"1030_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e002637","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjgh-2020-002637","volume":"5","author":"S Anjorin","year":"2020","unstructured":"Anjorin S, Uthman O, Ameyaw E, Ahinkorah B, Chattu V, Bishwajit G, Seidu A, Darteh E, Yaya S. Undernutrition, polygynous context and family structure: a multilevel analysis of cross-sectional surveys of 350 000 mother-child pairs from 32 countries. BMJ Glob Health. 2020;5(10): e002637.","journal-title":"BMJ Glob Health"},{"key":"1030_CR17","unstructured":"WHO. 2020. Infant and young child feeding. [online] Available at: https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/infant-and-young-child-feeding, [Accessed: 7 March 2022]."},{"key":"1030_CR18","unstructured":"Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). 2021.\u00a0The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2021. [online] Available at: https:\/\/www.fao.org\/state-of-food-security-nutrition, [Accessed: 28 February 2022]."},{"key":"1030_CR19","unstructured":"Ministry of Health and Social Welfare (MOHSW) Lesotho & ICF Macro, 2010. Lesotho Demographic and Health Survey 2009. Maseru, Lesotho: MOHSW and ICF Macro."},{"key":"1030_CR20","unstructured":"Ministry of Health [Lesotho] and ICF international, 2016. Lesotho Demograhic and Health Survey 2014. Maseru, Lesotho: Ministry of Health and ICF International."},{"key":"1030_CR21","unstructured":"Bureau of Statistics, 2019. Lesotho Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey 2018, Survey Findings Report. Maseru, Lesotho: Bureau of Statistics."},{"key":"1030_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tekeba B, Workneh BS, Zegeye AF, Gonete AT, Zeleke GA, Tamir TT. Minimum acceptable diet use and its associated factors among children aged 6\u201323 in Ghana: a mixed effect analysis using Ghana Demographic and Health Survey. Front Public Health. 2024;12:1402909.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2024.1402909"},{"key":"1030_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kandala NB, Madungu TP, Emina JB, Nzita KP, Cappuccio FP. Malnutrition among children under the age of five in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC): does geographic location matter?. BMC Public Health. 2011;11:1\u201315.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-11-261"},{"issue":"17","key":"1030_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3669","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14173669","volume":"14","author":"S Sapkota","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sapkota S, Thapa B, Gyawali A, Hu Y. Predictors of minimum acceptable diet among children aged 6\u201323 months in Nepal: a multilevel analysis of Nepal multiple indicator cluster survey 2019. Nutrients. 2022;14(17):3669.","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"1030_CR25","unstructured":"UNICEF, 2020. Conceptual framework on the determinants of maternal and child nutrition: a framework for the prevention of malnutrition in all its forms."},{"issue":"1","key":"1030_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"684","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-022-12966-8","volume":"22","author":"DG Belay","year":"2022","unstructured":"Belay DG, Taddese AA, Gelaye KA. Minimum acceptable diet intake and its associated factors among children age at 6\u201323 months in sub-Saharan Africa: a multilevel analysis of the sub-Saharan Africa demographic and health survey. BMC Public Health. 2022;22(1):684.","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"1030_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9780203701249","volume-title":"Multilevel and longitudinal modeling with IBM SPSS","author":"RH Heck","year":"2013","unstructured":"Heck RH, Thomas SL, Tabata LN. Multilevel and longitudinal modeling with IBM SPSS. Routledge; 2013."},{"issue":"1","key":"1030_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2368","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-022-14861-8","volume":"22","author":"L Moga","year":"2022","unstructured":"Moga L, F., Jebero Z., Z., Ena D., L. and Mulatu A. Minimum dietary diversity and associated factors among children under the age of five attending public health facilities in Wolaita Soddo town, Southern Ethiopia, 2021: a cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health. 2022;22(1):2368.","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"1030_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s41043-017-0097-x","volume":"36","author":"TC Mekonnen","year":"2017","unstructured":"Mekonnen TC, Workie SB, Yimer TM, Mersha WF. Meal frequency and dietary diversity feeding practices among children 6\u201323 months of age in Wolaita Sodo town, Southern Ethiopia. J Health Popul Nutr. 2017;36:1\u20138.","journal-title":"J Health Popul Nutr"},{"key":"1030_CR30","unstructured":"United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), 2022. Leave no child behind: boys\u2019 disengagement from education: Lesotho case study. Available at: https:\/\/unesdoc.unesco.org\/ark:\/48223\/pf0000381155, [Accessed: 26 March 2023]."},{"key":"1030_CR31","unstructured":"Sampson, D., and Hertlein, K., 2015. The experience of grandparents raising grandchildren. GrandFamilies: The Contemporary Journal of Research, Practice and Policy, 2(1). Available at: http:\/\/scholarworks.wmich.edu\/grandfamilies\/vol2\/iss1\/4."},{"issue":"1","key":"1030_CR32","first-page":"76","volume":"8","author":"H Birhanu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Birhanu H, Gonete KA, Hunegnaw MT, Aragaw FM. Minimum acceptable diet and associated factors among children aged 6\u201323 months during fasting days of orthodox Christian mothers in Gondar city. North West Ethiopia BMC nutrition. 2022;8(1):76.","journal-title":"North West Ethiopia BMC nutrition"},{"key":"1030_CR33","unstructured":"Government of Lesotho. (2018). Lesotho Zero Hunger Strategic Review 2018. Available at: https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/lesotho\/lesotho-zero-hunger-strategic-review-2018?gclid=CjwKCAjwkeqkBhAnEiwA5U-uMwCq4jVvG8T-aLW7598ScNEFPQj5G-rQAM0V-nAXllblqAXjpzqoMhoC47cQAvD_BwE. [Accessed: 27 June 2023]."},{"key":"1030_CR34","unstructured":"Tessema, M., Belachew, T. and Ersino, G., 2013. Feeding patterns and stunting during early childhood in rural communities of Sidama, South Ethiopia. Pan African Medical Journal, 14(1)."},{"issue":"5","key":"1030_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"827","DOI":"10.1017\/S1368980011002485","volume":"15","author":"CS Ng","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ng CS, Dibley MJ, Agho KE. Complementary feeding indicators and determinants of poor feeding practices in Indonesia: a secondary analysis of 2007 Demographic and Health Survey data. Public Health Nutr. 2012;15(5):827\u201339.","journal-title":"Public Health Nutr"},{"key":"1030_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1740-8709.2011.00370.x","volume":"8","author":"U Senarath","year":"2012","unstructured":"Senarath U, Agho KE, Akram DES, Godakandage SS, Hazir T, Jayawickrama H, Joshi N, Kabir I, Khanam M, Patel A, Pusdekar Y. Comparisons of complementary feeding indicators and associated factors in children aged 6\u201323 months across five South Asian countries. Matern Child Nutr. 2012;8:89\u2013106.","journal-title":"Matern Child Nutr"},{"issue":"2","key":"1030_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.3390\/bs14020084","volume":"14","author":"N Wang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wang N. The Urban-Rural Heterogeneous Effect of Family SES on Achievement: The Mediating Role of Culture. Behav Sci. 2024;14(2):84.","journal-title":"Behav Sci"},{"issue":"6","key":"1030_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.1093\/inthealth\/ihy047","volume":"10","author":"O Nkoka","year":"2018","unstructured":"Nkoka O, Mhone TG, Ntenda PA. Factors associated with complementary feeding practices among children aged 6\u201323 months in Malawi: an analysis of the Demographic and Health Survey 2015\u20132016. Int Health. 2018;10(6):466\u201379.","journal-title":"Int Health"},{"key":"1030_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1111\/mcn.12193","volume":"11","author":"AI Issaka","year":"2015","unstructured":"Issaka AI, Agho KE, Page AN, Burns L, P., Stevens, G.J. and Dibley, M.J.,. Determinants of suboptimal complementary feeding practices among children aged 6\u201323 months in seven francophone West African countries. Matern Child Nutr. 2015;11:31\u201352.","journal-title":"Matern Child Nutr"},{"key":"1030_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-019-7360-6","volume":"19","author":"MV Dhami","year":"2019","unstructured":"Dhami MV, Ogbo FA, Osuagwu UL, Agho KE. Prevalence and factors associated with complementary feeding practices among children aged 6\u201323 months in India: a regional analysis. BMC Public Health. 2019;19:1\u201316.","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"1030_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e12723","DOI":"10.1111\/mcn.12723","volume":"15","author":"B Ahoya","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ahoya B, Kavle JA, Straubinger S, Gathi CM. Accelerating progress for complementary feeding in Kenya: key government actions and the way forward. Matern Child Nutr. 2019;15: e12723.","journal-title":"Matern Child Nutr"},{"key":"1030_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s40795-015-0037-3","volume":"2","author":"M Saaka","year":"2016","unstructured":"Saaka M, Larbi A, Mutaru S, Hoeschle-Zeledon I. Magnitude and factors associated with appropriate complementary feeding among children 6\u201323 months in northern Ghana. BMC Nutrition. 2016;2:1\u20138.","journal-title":"BMC Nutrition"},{"issue":"10","key":"1030_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e008467","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2015-008467","volume":"5","author":"FA Ogbo","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ogbo FA, Page A, Idoko J, Claudio F, Agho KE. Trends in complementary feeding indicators in Nigeria, 2003\u20132013. BMJ Open. 2015;5(10): e008467.","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"12","key":"1030_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3592","DOI":"10.1017\/s1368980020001081","volume":"24","author":"T Dusingizimana","year":"2020","unstructured":"Dusingizimana T, et al. A qualitative analysis of infant and young child feeding practices in rural Rwanda. Public Health Nutr. 2020;24(12):3592\u2013601. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s1368980020001081.","journal-title":"Public Health Nutr"},{"key":"1030_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Murendo C, Nhau B, Mazvimavi K, Khanye T, Gwara S. Nutrition education, farm production diversity, and commercialization on household and individual dietary diversity in Zimbabwe. Food & Nutrition Research. 2018. p. 62. Available at https:\/\/foodandnutritionresearch.net\/index.php\/fnr\/article\/view\/1276\/4744. Accessed 15 Feb 2025.","DOI":"10.29219\/fnr.v62.1276"},{"issue":"2","key":"1030_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1007\/s10826-018-1281-3","volume":"28","author":"P Nikken","year":"2019","unstructured":"Nikken P. Parents\u2019 instrumental use of media in childrearing: Relationships with confidence in parenting, and health and conduct problems in children. J Child Fam Stud. 2019;28(2):531\u201346.","journal-title":"J Child Fam Stud"},{"key":"1030_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13052-021-01169-3","volume":"47","author":"H Abebe","year":"2021","unstructured":"Abebe H, Gashu M, Kebede A, Abata H, Yeshaneh A, Workye H, Adane D. Minimum acceptable diet and associated factors among children aged 6\u201323 months in Ethiopia. Ital J Pediatr. 2021;47:1\u201310.","journal-title":"Ital J Pediatr"},{"key":"1030_CR48","unstructured":"Savolainen, R., 2017. Information sharing and knowledge sharing as communicative activities. Information Research: An International Electronic Journal, 22(3), https:\/\/eric.ed.gov\/?id=EJ1156371."},{"key":"1030_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Murunga, G., 2019. Impact of an educated person in the society. Leadership Empowerment [Preprint]. Available at: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.13140\/RG.2.2.14160.15369. [Accessed: 27 October 2024].","DOI":"10.13140\/RG.2.2.14160.15369"},{"key":"1030_CR50","unstructured":"Rocchi, A. and Del Sette, P., 2016. Lesotho: rural development and migration.\u00a0Centro Salute Globale. Available at: https:\/\/www.centrosaluteglobale.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/Migration-and-Rural-Development-in-Lesotho-PDF.pdf. [Accessed: 27 October, 2024]."},{"issue":"2","key":"1030_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.4314\/ejhs.v27i2.8","volume":"27","author":"H Eshete","year":"2017","unstructured":"Eshete H, Abebe Y, Loha E, Gebru T, Tesheme T. Nutritional status and effect of maternal employment among children aged 6\u201359 months in Wolayta Sodo Town, Southern Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study. Ethiop J Health Sci. 2017;27(2):155.","journal-title":"Ethiop J Health Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"1030_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e12603","DOI":"10.1111\/mcn.12603","volume":"14","author":"SS Kim","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kim SS, Roopnaraine T, Nguyen PH, Saha KK, Bhuiyan MI, Menon P. Factors influencing the uptake of a mass media intervention to improve child feeding in Bangladesh. Matern Child Nutr. 2018;14(3):e12603.","journal-title":"Matern Child Nutr"},{"issue":"5","key":"1030_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e044284","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2020-044284","volume":"11","author":"A Molla","year":"2021","unstructured":"Molla A, Egata G, Getacher L, Kebede B, Sayih A, Arega M, Bante A. Minimum acceptable diet and associated factors among infants and young children aged 6\u201323 months in Amhara region, Central Ethiopia: community-based cross-sectional study. BMJ Open. 2021;11(5): e044284.","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"1","key":"1030_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e12852","DOI":"10.1111\/mcn.12852","volume":"16","author":"D Kuche","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kuche D, Moss C, Eshetu S, Ayana G, Salasibew M, Dangour AD, Allen E. Factors associated with dietary diversity and length-for-age z-score in rural Ethiopian children aged 6\u201323 months: A novel approach to the analysis of baseline data from the Sustainable Undernutrition Reduction in Ethiopia evaluation. Matern Child Nutr. 2020;16(1):e12852.","journal-title":"Matern Child Nutr"},{"key":"1030_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12887-016-0764-x","volume":"17","author":"D Dangura","year":"2017","unstructured":"Dangura D, Gebremedhin S. Dietary diversity and associated factors among children 6\u201323 months of age in Gorche district, Southern Ethiopia: Cross-sectional study. BMC Pediatr. 2017;17:1\u20137.","journal-title":"BMC Pediatr"},{"key":"1030_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Haileselassie M, Redae G, Berhe G, Henry CJ, Nickerson MT, Mulugeta A. Educational intervention and livestock ownership successfully improved the intake of animal source foods in 6\u201323 months old children in rural communities of Northern Ethiopia: Quasi-experimental study. Plos one. 2022;17(11):e0277240. Available at: https:\/\/journals.plos.org\/plosone\/article?id=10.1371\/journal.pone.0277240. Accessed 15 Feb 2025.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0277240"},{"issue":"1","key":"1030_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1186\/s40795-022-00644-2","volume":"8","author":"D Assefa","year":"2022","unstructured":"Assefa D, Belachew T. Minimum dietary diversity and associated factors among children aged 6\u201323 months in Enebsie Sar Midir Woreda, East Gojjam. Northwest Ethiopia BMC nutrition. 2022;8(1):149.","journal-title":"Northwest Ethiopia BMC nutrition"},{"key":"1030_CR58","first-page":"2869424","volume":"1","author":"K Dafursa","year":"2019","unstructured":"Dafursa K, Gebremedhin S. Dietary diversity among children aged 6\u201323 months in Aleta Wondo District, Southern Ethiopia. Journal of nutrition and metabolism. 2019;1:2869424.","journal-title":"Journal of nutrition and metabolism"},{"key":"1030_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-018-5074-9","volume":"18","author":"B Hanselman","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hanselman B, Ambikapathi R, Mduma E, Svensen E, Caulfield LE, Patil CL. Associations of land, cattle and food security with infant feeding practices among a rural population living in Manyara, Tanzania. BMC Public Health. 2018;18:1\u20139.","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"1030_CR60","first-page":"1","volume":"5","author":"G Gizaw","year":"2019","unstructured":"Gizaw G, Tesfaye G. Minimum acceptable diet and factor associated with it among infant and young children age 6\u201323 months in north Shoa, Oromia region. Ethiopia Int J Homeopathy Nat Med. 2019;5(1):1.","journal-title":"Ethiopia Int J Homeopathy Nat Med"},{"key":"1030_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1605807","DOI":"10.3389\/ijph.2023.1605807","volume":"68","author":"TB Raru","year":"2023","unstructured":"Raru TB, Merga BT, Mulatu G, Deressa A, Birhanu A, Negash B, Gamachu M, Regassa LD, Ayana GM, Roba KT. Minimum dietary diversity among children aged 6\u201359 months in East Africa countries: a multilevel analysis. Int J Public Health. 2023;68:1605807.","journal-title":"Int J Public Health"},{"key":"1030_CR62","unstructured":"Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung., 2018. Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung mass media. Available at: https:\/\/www.fes.de\/, [Accessed: 26 March 2023]."},{"issue":"2","key":"1030_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.15562\/phpma.v9i2.340","volume":"9","author":"E Zebadia","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zebadia E, Atmaka DR. Factors associated with minimum dietary diversity among 6\u201311-month-old children in Indonesia: Analysis of the 2017 Indonesian Demographic and Health Survey. Public Health and Preventive Medicine Archive. 2021;9(2):132\u20138.","journal-title":"Public Health and Preventive Medicine Archive"}],"container-title":["BMC Nutrition"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s40795-025-01030-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s40795-025-01030-4\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s40795-025-01030-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,26]],"date-time":"2025-02-26T05:08:56Z","timestamp":1740546536000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcnutr.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s40795-025-01030-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,26]]},"references-count":63,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1030"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40795-025-01030-4","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-4657862\/v1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2055-0928"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2055-0928","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,26]]},"assertion":[{"value":"29 June 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"10 February 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"26 February 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This study was conducted under the ethical principles stated in the Helsinki Declaration. The authors communicated with the UNICEF MICS team in 3 UN Plaza, New York, USA, and was granted permission to download and use the LMICS dataset. Further, the author received ethical approval from the University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa, to use the MICS datasets. The approval was obtained from the Human and Social Sciences Research Ethics Committee (HSSREC\/00002395\/2021).","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"43"}}