{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T02:44:08Z","timestamp":1787021048774,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773014400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]],"date-time":"2026-04-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776211200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":37,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Nutr"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s40795-026-01293-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T10:34:29Z","timestamp":1773052469000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Drivers and nutritional losses associated with post-harvest loss of fruits and vegetables in Ghana: a cross-sector analysis"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Benedicta","family":"Twum-Dei","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Herman Erick","family":"Lutterodt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reginald Adjetey","family":"Annan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linda Nana Esi","family":"Aduku","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan","family":"Annan-Asare","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"1293_CR1","first-page":"1","volume":"30","author":"OF Etefa","year":"2022","unstructured":"Etefa OF, Forsido SF, Kebede MT. Postharvest loss, causes, and handling practices of fruits and vegetables in Ethiopia: Scoping review. J Hortic Res. 2022;30(1):1\u201310.","journal-title":"J Hortic Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"1293_CR2","first-page":"19525","volume":"22","author":"NAF Agyapong","year":"2022","unstructured":"Agyapong NAF, Annan RA, Apprey C, Aryeetey R. A review of Ghana\u2019s food system and its implications on sustainability and the development of national food-based dietary guidelines. Afr J Food Agric Nutr Dev. 2022;22(2):19525\u201382.","journal-title":"Afr J Food Agric Nutr Dev"},{"issue":"1","key":"1293_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2187183","DOI":"10.1080\/23311932.2023.2187183","volume":"9","author":"CA Wongnaa","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wongnaa CA, Ankomah ED, Ojo TO, Abokyi E, Sienso G, Awunyo-Vitor D. Valuing postharvest losses among tomato smallholder farmers: Evidence from Ghana. Cogent Food Agric. 2023;9(1):2187183.","journal-title":"Cogent Food Agric"},{"key":"1293_CR4","first-page":"43","volume-title":"Postharvest technology of perishable horticultural commodities","author":"EM Yahia","year":"2019","unstructured":"Yahia EM, Fonseca JM, Kitinoja L. Postharvest losses and waste. Postharvest technology of perishable horticultural commodities. Cambridge: Woodhead Publishing; 2019. pp. 43\u201369."},{"issue":"1","key":"1293_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100122","DOI":"10.1016\/j.afres.2022.100122","volume":"2","author":"O Alegbeleye","year":"2022","unstructured":"Alegbeleye O, Odeyemi OA, Strateva M, Stratev D. Microbial spoilage of vegetables, fruits and cereals. Appl Food Res. 2022;2(1):100122. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.afres.2022.100122.","journal-title":"Appl Food Res"},{"key":"1293_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.worlddev.2014.08.002","volume":"66","author":"H Affognon","year":"2015","unstructured":"Affognon H, Mutungi C, Sanginga P, Borgemeister C. Unpacking postharvest losses in sub-Saharan Africa: A meta-analysis. World Dev. 2015;66:49\u201368. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.worlddev.2014.08.002.","journal-title":"World Dev"},{"key":"1293_CR7","unstructured":"Binge B, Jalango D, Tesfaye L. Post-harvest losses management through climate smart innovations: a collaborative approach among value chain actors. 2023. https:\/\/cgspace.cgiar.org\/handle\/10568\/128361."},{"issue":"5","key":"1293_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1103","DOI":"10.13031\/ja.15660","volume":"67","author":"R Kaur","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kaur R, Watson JA. A scoping review of postharvest losses, supply chain management, and technology: implications for produce quality in developing countries. J ASABE. 2024;67(5):1103\u201331.","journal-title":"J ASABE"},{"issue":"1","key":"1293_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1007\/s12571-021-01239-1","volume":"14","author":"BB Balana","year":"2022","unstructured":"Balana BB, Aghadi CN, Ogunniyi AI. Improving livelihoods through postharvest loss management: Evidence from Nigeria. Food Secur. 2022;14(1):249\u201365. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12571-021-01239-1.","journal-title":"Food Secur"},{"issue":"4","key":"1293_CR10","first-page":"278","volume":"73","author":"B Vidovi\u0107","year":"2023","unstructured":"Vidovi\u0107 B. Dietary antioxidants and health effects: What are their optimal intakes? Arch Pharm. 2023;73(4):278\u201391.","journal-title":"Arch Pharm"},{"issue":"11","key":"1293_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.3390\/agriculture9110241","volume":"9","author":"MK Hassan","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hassan MK, Dann E. Effects of treatment with electrolyzed oxidizing water on postharvest diseases of avocado. Agriculture. 2019;9(11):241.","journal-title":"Agriculture"},{"key":"1293_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Stathers T, Mvumi B. Challenges and initiatives in reducing postharvest food losses and food waste: sub-Saharan Africa. Preventing food losses and waste to achieve food security and sustainability. Burleigh Dodds Science Publishing; 2020:729\u201386. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.19103\/AS.2019.0053.31.","DOI":"10.19103\/AS.2019.0053.31"},{"key":"1293_CR13","unstructured":"Ghana Statistical Service. Ghana 2021 population and housing census. SERVICE. 2021. https:\/\/census2021.statsghana.gov.gh\/gssmain\/fileUpload\/reportthemelist\/2021%20PHC%20General%20Report%20Vol%203A_Population%20of%20Regions%20and%20Districts_181121.pdf."},{"key":"1293_CR14","volume-title":"Ghana Demographic and Health Survey 2022","author":"Ghana Statistical Service (GSS) and ICF","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ghana Statistical Service (GSS) and ICF. Ghana Demographic and Health Survey 2022. Accra, Ghana, and Rockville, Maryland, USA: GSS and ICF; 2024."},{"key":"1293_CR15","unstructured":"University of Ghana (UG), GroundWork, University of Wisconsin-Madison, KEMRI, UNICEF. Ghana Micronutrient Survey. Accra: UG, GroundWork, University of Wisconsin-Madison, KEMRI-Wellcome Trust, UNICEF-Accra. 2017. Available from: http:\/\/groundworkhealth.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/UoG-GroundWork_2017-GHANA-MICRONUTRIENT-SURVEY_Final_180607.pdf."},{"issue":"3","key":"1293_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1007\/s12571-021-01238-9","volume":"14","author":"A Bechoff","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bechoff A, Shee A, Mvumi BM, Ngwenyama P, Debelo H, Ferruzzi MG, Nyanga LK, Mayanja S, Tomlins KI. Estimation of nutritional postharvest losses along food value chains: A case study of three key food security commodities in sub-Saharan Africa. Food Secur. 2022;14(3):571\u201390.","journal-title":"Food Secur"},{"key":"1293_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Stathers T, Mvumi B. Challenges and initiatives in reducing postharvest food losses and food waste: sub-Saharan Africa. In Preventing food losses and waste to achieve food security and sustainability. Burleigh Dodds Science Publishing; 2020:729\u201386. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.19103\/AS.2019.0053.31.","DOI":"10.19103\/AS.2019.0053.31"},{"key":"1293_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100048","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sftr.2021.100048","volume":"3","author":"I Sugri","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sugri I, Abubakari M, Owusu RK, Bidzakin JK. Postharvest losses and mitigating technologies: evidence from Upper East Region of Ghana. Sustainable futures. 2021;3:100048.","journal-title":"Sustainable futures"},{"issue":"3","key":"1293_CR19","first-page":"15978","volume":"20","author":"MG Apolot","year":"2020","unstructured":"Apolot MG, Acham H, Ssozi J, Namutebi A, Masanza M, Jagwe J, Kasharu A, Deborah R. Postharvest practices along supply chains of Solanum aethiopicum (shum) and Amaranthus lividus (linn) leafy vegetables in Wakiso and Kampala Districts, Uganda. Afr J Food Agric Nutr Dev. 2020;20(3):15978\u201391.","journal-title":"Afr J Food Agric Nutr Dev"},{"key":"1293_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"166881","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.166881","volume":"905","author":"MN Sani","year":"2023","unstructured":"Sani MN, Amin M, Siddique AB, Nasif SO, Ghaley BB, Ge L, Wang F, Yong JW. Waste-derived nanobiochar: a new avenue towards sustainable agriculture, environment, and circular bioeconomy. Sci Total Environ. 2023;905:166881.","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"key":"1293_CR21","unstructured":"Adu-Gyamfi A. The role of women in post-harvest handling of peanuts: the case of reducing aflatoxin along the supply chain in Ghana [dissertation]. Auburn (AL): Auburn University. 2013. https:\/\/etd.auburn.edu\/handle\/10415\/3831."},{"issue":"3","key":"1293_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1080\/15228916.2017.1416215","volume":"19","author":"H Issahaku","year":"2018","unstructured":"Issahaku H, Abu BM, Nkegbe PK. Does the use of mobile phones by smallholder maize farmers affect productivity in Ghana? J Afr Bus. 2018;19(3):302\u201322.","journal-title":"J Afr Bus"},{"issue":"4","key":"1293_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"951","DOI":"10.1007\/s12571-022-01259-y","volume":"14","author":"MA Lelea","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lelea MA, Garbaba CA, Guluma A, Hensel O. Gendering post-harvest loss research: responsibilities of women and men to manage maize after harvest in southwestern Ethiopia. Food Secur. 2022;14(4):951\u201363.","journal-title":"Food Secur"},{"issue":"12","key":"1293_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0243350","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0243350","volume":"15","author":"D Anshebo","year":"2020","unstructured":"Anshebo D, Geda B, Mecha A, Liru A, Ahmed R. Utilization of institutional delivery and associated factors among mothers in Hosanna Town, Hadiya Zone, Southern Ethiopia: A community-based cross-sectional study. PLoS ONE. 2020;15(12):e0243350.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"9","key":"1293_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2610","DOI":"10.3390\/su11092610","volume":"11","author":"EM Kikulwe","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kikulwe EM, Kyanjo JL, Kato E, Ssali RT, Erima R, Mpiira S, Ocimati W, Tinzaara W, Kubiriba J, Gotor E, Stoian D. Management of Banana Xanthomonas Wilt: Evidence from impact of adoption of cultural control practices in Uganda. Sustainability. 2019;11(9):2610.","journal-title":"Sustainability"},{"issue":"1","key":"1293_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-resource-111820-020601","volume":"14","author":"J Ricker-Gilbert","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ricker-Gilbert J, Omotilewa O, Kadjo D. The economics of postharvest loss and loss-preventing technologies in developing countries. Annual Rev Resource Econ. 2022;14(1):243\u201365.","journal-title":"Annual Rev Resource Econ"},{"issue":"4","key":"1293_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"694","DOI":"10.1108\/JADEE-06-2022-0105","volume":"14","author":"R Kuijpers","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kuijpers R, Smits E, Steijn C, Mulumba N, Asindu M, Kruijssen F, Kikulwe EM. Prices, profit margins and intermediary market power: evidence from the matooke value chain in Uganda. J Agribusiness Developing Emerg Economies. 2024;14(4):694\u2013711.","journal-title":"J Agribusiness Developing Emerg Economies"},{"key":"1293_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Abban R. Firm characteristics, business environment, and performance of non-traditional agricultural SME exporters in Ghana. Wageningen University and Research. 2020. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18174\/498974.","DOI":"10.18174\/498974"},{"issue":"1","key":"1293_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1471782","DOI":"10.1080\/23311932.2018.1471782","volume":"4","author":"SK Amponsah","year":"2018","unstructured":"Amponsah SK, Addo A, Dzisi K, Asante B, Afona D. Assessment of rice farmers\u2019 knowledge and perception of harvest and postharvest losses in Ghana. Cogent Food Agric. 2018;4(1):1471782.","journal-title":"Cogent Food Agric"},{"key":"1293_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"725815","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2022.725815","volume":"9","author":"B Darfour","year":"2022","unstructured":"Darfour B, Rosentrater KA. Pre-harvest and post-harvest farmer experiences and practices in five maize growing regions in Ghana. Front Nutr. 2022;9:725815.","journal-title":"Front Nutr"},{"key":"1293_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Nadia JK. Assessment of meat preservation practices by meat retail stores and estimation of losses due to spoilage in Dagoretti Sub-county, Nairobi Kenya (Doctoral dissertation, University of Nairobi). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1596\/978-0-8213-8439-8.","DOI":"10.1596\/978-0-8213-8439-8"},{"key":"1293_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nirmalkumar SS, Krishna M, Anand JA. Food security and safety to end poverty. InSmart technologies for sustainable development goals. CRC Press. 2024:16\u201335. https:\/\/www.fao.org\/3\/i2697e\/i2697e.pdf.","DOI":"10.1201\/9781003519010-2"},{"issue":"7","key":"1293_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.3390\/agriculture10070267","volume":"10","author":"T Glazebrook","year":"2020","unstructured":"Glazebrook T, Noll S, Opoku E. Gender matters: Climate change, gender bias, and women\u2019s farming in the global south and north. Agriculture. 2020;10(7):267.","journal-title":"Agriculture"},{"key":"1293_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mekouar MA. 15. Food and agriculture organization of the united nations (FAO). Yearbook of International Environmental Law. 2018;29:448\u201368. https:\/\/www.fao.org\/3\/y4358e\/y4358e.pdf.","DOI":"10.1093\/yiel\/yvz057"},{"key":"1293_CR35","unstructured":"Yengnone HZ. Examining the causes and prevalence of food loss in Techiman market, Ghana (Master\u2019s thesis, The University of Western Ontario (Canada). 2024. https:\/\/ucanr.edu\/sites\/Postharvest_Technology_Center\/files\/231805.pdf."},{"key":"1293_CR36","volume-title":"Missing food: the case of post-harvest grain loss in Sub-Saharan Africa. Report No. 60371-AFR","author":"World Bank","year":"2010","unstructured":"World Bank. Missing food: the case of post-harvest grain loss in Sub-Saharan Africa. Report No. 60371-AFR. Washington (DC): World Bank; 2010."},{"issue":"03","key":"1293_CR37","first-page":"38","volume":"7","author":"IK Dzomeku","year":"2019","unstructured":"Dzomeku IK, Appiah EA, Amanor W. Two Year Residual Effect of Indigenous Organic Materials on Maize (Zea mays L.) Productivity in The Guinea Savannah Zone of Ghana. Adv Agricultural Sci. 2019;7(03):38\u201350.","journal-title":"Adv Agricultural Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"1293_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1504\/IJISM.2023.127652","volume":"16","author":"AP Ajayi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ajayi AP. Lean and circular economy relevance in post-harvest loss prevention: Nigerian retailers\u2019 perceptions. Int J Integr Supply Manage. 2023;16(1):82\u2013105.","journal-title":"Int J Integr Supply Manage"},{"issue":"1","key":"1293_CR39","first-page":"9863410","volume":"2018","author":"E Owusu-Sekyere","year":"2018","unstructured":"Owusu-Sekyere E, Jengre E, Alhassan E. Begging in the city: Complexities, degree of organization, and embedded risks. Child Dev Res. 2018;2018(1):9863410.","journal-title":"Child Dev Res"},{"key":"1293_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1201\/9781315115771-4","volume-title":"Postharvest extension and capacity building in the developing world","author":"L Kitinoja","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kitinoja L, Tokala VY. Postharvest education, training and capacity building for reducing losses in plant-based food crops: a critical review (2010\u20132017). In: Rolle RS, editor. Postharvest extension and capacity building in the developing world. Rome: FAO; 2018. pp. 29\u201340."},{"issue":"2","key":"1293_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"574","DOI":"10.1108\/BFJ-06-2019-0457","volume":"122","author":"M Nonomura","year":"2020","unstructured":"Nonomura M. Reasons for food losses during home preparation. Br Food J. 2020;122(2):574\u201385.","journal-title":"Br Food J"},{"issue":"6679","key":"1293_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abq5099","volume":"383","author":"RA de Lima","year":"2024","unstructured":"de Lima RA, Dauby G, de Gasper AL, Fernandez EP, Vibrans AC, Oliveira AA, Prado PI, Souza VC, de Siqueira F. Ter Steege H. Comprehensive conservation assessments reveal high extinction risks across Atlantic Forest trees. Science. 2024;383(6679):219\u201325.","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"6","key":"1293_CR43","first-page":"178","volume":"65","author":"TM Gajanana","year":"2011","unstructured":"Gajanana TM, Murthy DS, Sudha M. Post harvest losses in fruits and vegetables in South India\u2013A review of concepts and quantification of losses. Indian Food Pack. 2011;65(6):178\u201387.","journal-title":"Indian Food Pack"},{"issue":"4","key":"1293_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115915","DOI":"10.9734\/afsj\/2024\/v23i4706","volume":"23","author":"UE Umeohia","year":"2024","unstructured":"Umeohia UE, Olapade AA. Physiological processes affecting postharvest quality of fresh fruits and vegetables. Asian Food Sci J. 2024;23(4):115915.","journal-title":"Asian Food Sci J"},{"issue":"7","key":"1293_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"612","DOI":"10.3390\/horticulturae8070612","volume":"8","author":"MC Strano","year":"2022","unstructured":"Strano MC, Altieri G, Allegra M, Di Renzo GC, Paterna G, Matera A, Genovese F. Postharvest technologies of fresh citrus fruit: Advances and recent developments for the loss reduction during handling and storage. Horticulturae. 2022;8(7):612.","journal-title":"Horticulturae"},{"issue":"2","key":"1293_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.13189\/ujmr.2015.030201","volume":"3","author":"O Samuel","year":"2015","unstructured":"Samuel O, Orji MU. Fungi associated with the spoilage of postharvest tomato fruits sold in major markets in Awka, Nigeria. Univers J Microbiol Res. 2015;3(2):11\u20136.","journal-title":"Univers J Microbiol Res"},{"key":"1293_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1201\/9780429091483-5","volume-title":"Handbook of Food Preservation","author":"VK Mishra","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mishra VK, Gamage TV. Postharvest Physiology of Fruits and Vegetables. In: Rahman MS, editor. Handbook of Food Preservation. 3rd ed. Boca Raton (FL): CRC; 2020. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1201\/9780429091483-5.","edition":"3"},{"issue":"1","key":"1293_CR48","first-page":"2139717","volume":"2019","author":"PA Parbey","year":"2019","unstructured":"Parbey PA, Tarkang E, Manu E, Amu H, Ayanore MA, Aku FY, Ziema SA, Bosoka SA, Adjuik M, Kweku M. Risk factors of anaemia among children under five years in the Hohoe municipality, Ghana: a case control study. Anemia. 2019;2019(1):2139717.","journal-title":"Anemia"},{"issue":"7","key":"1293_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1427","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14071427","volume":"14","author":"AK Christian","year":"2022","unstructured":"Christian AK, Steiner-Asiedu M, Bentil HJ, Rohner F, Wegm\u00fcller R, Petry N, Wirth JP, Donkor WE, Amoaful EF, Adu-Afarwuah S. Co-Occurrence of Overweight\/Obesity, anemia and micronutrient deficiencies among non-pregnant women of reproductive age in Ghana: Results from a nationally representative survey. Nutrients. 2022;14(7):1427.","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"Supplement1","key":"1293_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1093\/nutrit\/nuaa137","volume":"79","author":"T Ryckman","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ryckman T, Beal T, Nordhagen S, Chimanya K, Matji J. Affordability of nutritious foods for complementary feeding in Eastern and Southern Africa. Nutr Rev. 2021;79(Supplement1):35\u201351.","journal-title":"Nutr Rev"},{"key":"1293_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scienta.2017.02.024","volume":"218","author":"A Mditshwa","year":"2017","unstructured":"Mditshwa A, Magwaza LS, Tesfay SZ, Opara UL. Postharvest factors affecting vitamin C content of citrus fruits: A review. Sci Hort. 2017;218:95\u2013104.","journal-title":"Sci Hort"},{"issue":"15","key":"1293_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1801045","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.201801045","volume":"63","author":"AJ Mel\u00e9ndez-Mart\u00ednez","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mel\u00e9ndez-Mart\u00ednez AJ. An overview of carotenoids, apocarotenoids, and vitamin A in agro\u2010food, nutrition, health, and disease. Mol Nutr Food Res. 2019;63(15):1801045.","journal-title":"Mol Nutr Food Res"},{"issue":"11","key":"1293_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3286","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12113286","volume":"12","author":"AC Carr","year":"2020","unstructured":"Carr AC, Rowe S. The emerging role of vitamin C in the prevention and treatment of COVID-19. Nutrients. 2020;12(11):3286.","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"3","key":"1293_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1367","DOI":"10.1002\/fsn3.3855","volume":"12","author":"MH Islam","year":"2024","unstructured":"Islam MH, Nayan MM, Jubayer A, Amin MR. A review of the dietary diversity and micronutrient adequacy among the women of reproductive age in low-and middle\u2010income countries. Food Sci Nutr. 2024;12(3):1367\u201379.","journal-title":"Food Sci Nutr"}],"container-title":["BMC Nutrition"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s40795-026-01293-5","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s40795-026-01293-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s40795-026-01293-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]],"date-time":"2026-04-15T11:27:27Z","timestamp":1776252447000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1186\/s40795-026-01293-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]]},"references-count":54,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1293"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40795-026-01293-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["2055-0928"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2055-0928","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"1 August 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"26 February 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 March 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki (2013). Ethical approval was obtained from the Ghana Health Service Ethics Review Committee (GHS-ERC 004\/10\/22) and the Committee on Human Research, Publications and Ethics (CHRPE), KNUST (Ref: CHPRE\/AP\/411\/22). The Ho West Municipal District Assembly granted a research permit (HWDA\/ME.19.024). Written informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to data collection, including permission to audio-record FGDs\/interviews.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"71"}}