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There is a growing trend and increasing ambition towards a more plant-based diet in the Dutch population and within Dutch healthcare institutions. However, patients may struggle to meet their protein requirements, as the availability of plant-based protein-enriched products remains limited. Patient preferences for such products have not yet been explored. This study aimed to understand patient preferences regarding plant-based protein-enriched products of patients with lived experience of (risk of) malnutrition.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this grounded theory study, semi-structured interviews were conducted with patients (\u2265\u200918 years) with recent or current lived experience of (risk of) malnutrition. We systematically analysed the data using open, axial, and selective coding, resulting in themes, using ATLAS.ti and following COREQ guidelines.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Data of 17 out of 18 patients were included in the analysis. Five themes emerged, that addressed product variety, dislikes, health and societal\/social considerations, convenience, and packaging. The wish to balance convenience and sustainability gave rise to contradictory product demands. Values of health, sustainability, and animal welfare were similar across participants who were used to eat primarily animal-based and plant-based.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Patients prefer varied, easy-to-eat plant-based products, avoiding strong smells, unhealthy ingredients, and large portions. Emphasizing shared values of health, sustainability, and animal welfare can promote adoption of plant-based options.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s40795-026-01356-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T02:36:47Z","timestamp":1778726207000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Understanding preferences regarding protein-enriched plant-based products of patients with lived experience of (risk of) malnutrition \u2013 a grounded theory study"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Nathalie","family":"Gorter","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Harri\u00ebt","family":"Jager-Wittenaar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marinka","family":"Lautenbach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Petra","family":"Mulder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lizette","family":"Oudhuis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annemieke","family":"Roelfsema","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martine","family":"Sealy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"1356_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1026","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.115.126615","volume":"103","author":"H Kruizenga","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kruizenga H, van Keeken S, Weijs P, Bastiaanse L, Beijer S, Huisman-de Waal G, et al. 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Ethical approval was obtained from the University Ethical Advisory Committee, the Hanze Ethische Advies Commissie (heac.T2023.042A), and the study was conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki (2024).","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"Petra Mulder is an employee of Danone Nutricia Nederland, Rijswijk, The Netherlands. All other authors have no competing interests as defined by BMC, or other interests that might be perceived to influence the results and\/or discussion reported in this paper.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"127"}}