{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T23:38:50Z","timestamp":1792625930028,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785110400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792627200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":87,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Nutr"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s40795-026-01440-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T00:44:09Z","timestamp":1785113049000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The impact of cash transfer on children\u2019s nutrition outcome in humanitarian context of Somalia, a systematic review: mixed-methods synthesis"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6468-6369","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahmed Tahir","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdikarim Mouse","family":"Duale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdifatah Elmi","family":"Farah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]]},"reference":[{"issue":"10282","key":"1440_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1388","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)00394-9","volume":"397","author":"CG Victora","year":"2021","unstructured":"Victora CG, Christian P, Vidaletti LP, Gatica-Dom\u00ednguez G, Menon P, Black RE. Revisiting maternal and child undernutrition in low-income and middle-income countries: variable progress towards an unfinished agenda. Lancet. 2021;397(10282):1388\u201399.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"1440_CR2","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Levels and trends in child malnutrition child malnutrition: UNICEF\/WHO\/World Bank Group Joint Child Malnutrition Estimates: Key findings of the 2023 edition. World Health Organization. 2023."},{"issue":"5","key":"1440_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1080\/10408398.2021.1952160","volume":"63","author":"SA Adeyeye","year":"2023","unstructured":"Adeyeye SA, Ashaolu TJ, Bolaji OT, Abegunde TA, Omoyajowo AO. Africa and the Nexus of poverty, malnutrition and diseases. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2023;63(5):641\u201356.","journal-title":"Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr"},{"key":"1440_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Chotard S, Mason JB, Oliphant NP, Mebrahtu S, Hailey P. Fluctuations in wasting in vulnerable child populations in the Greater Horn of Africa. Food Nutr Bull. 2010;31(3 Suppl 3):S219\u201333. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/15648265100313S302.","DOI":"10.1177\/15648265100313S302"},{"issue":"3","key":"1440_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph9030791","volume":"9","author":"JB Mason","year":"2012","unstructured":"Mason JB, White JM, Heron L, Carter J, Wilkinson C, Spiegel P. Child acute malnutrition and mortality in populations affected by displacement in the Horn of Africa, 1997\u20132009. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2012;9(3):791\u2013806.","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"1440_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111760","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nut.2022.111760","volume":"103","author":"YF Djoumessi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Djoumessi YF. The impact of malnutrition on infant mortality and life expectancy in Africa. Nutrition. 2022;103:111760.","journal-title":"Nutrition"},{"issue":"2","key":"1440_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e033148","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2019-033148","volume":"10","author":"R Martin-Canavate","year":"2020","unstructured":"Martin-Canavate R, Custodio E, Yusuf A, Molla D, Fasbender D, Kayitakire F. Malnutrition and morbidity trends in Somalia between 2007 and 2016: results from 291 cross-sectional surveys. BMJ open. 2020;10(2):e033148.","journal-title":"BMJ open"},{"key":"1440_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kinyoki DK, Moloney GM, Uthman OA, Kandala NB, Odundo EO, Noor AM, Berkley JA. Conflict in Somalia: impact on child undernutrition. BMJ Glob Health. 2017;2(2):e000158. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjgh-2016-000158.","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjgh-2016-000158"},{"issue":"1","key":"1440_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-021-12439-4","volume":"22","author":"WE Donkor","year":"2022","unstructured":"Donkor WE, Mbai J, Sesay F, Ali SI, Woodruff BA, Hussein SM, Mohamud KM, Muse A, Mohamed WS, Mohamoud AM, Mohamud FM. Risk factors of stunting and wasting in Somali pre-school age children: results from the 2019 Somalia micronutrient survey. BMC Public Health. 2022;22(1):264.","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"1440_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s41018-019-0057-8","volume":"4","author":"C Allen","year":"2019","unstructured":"Allen C, Jansen J, Naude C, Durao S, Mehta M, Von Elm E, Van Der Kam S, Prudhon C, Mayberry A, McGrath M, Alae-Carew C. Prevention and treatment of acute malnutrition in humanitarian emergencies: a multi-organisation collaboration to increase access to synthesised evidence. J Int Humanitarian Action. 2019;4(1):1\u20131.","journal-title":"J Int Humanitarian Action"},{"issue":"12","key":"1440_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6637","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18126637","volume":"18","author":"AI Marshall","year":"2021","unstructured":"Marshall AI, Lasco G, Phaiyarom M, Pangkariya N, Leuangvilay P, Sinam P, Suphanchaimat R, Julchoo S, Kunpeuk W, Zhang Y. Evidence on child nutrition recommendations and challenges in crisis settings: a scoping review. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;18(12):6637.","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"1440_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-020-01786-5","volume":"18","author":"N Scott","year":"2020","unstructured":"Scott N, Delport D, Hainsworth S, Pearson R, Morgan C, Huang S, Akuoku JK, Piwoz E, Shekar M, Levin C, Toole M. Ending malnutrition in all its forms requires scaling up proven nutrition interventions and much more: a 129-country analysis. BMC Med. 2020;18(1):356.","journal-title":"BMC Med"},{"key":"1440_CR13","unstructured":"Hirvonen K. Social protection: adaptive safety nets for crisis recovery. In: 2023 Global Food Policy Report: Rethinking Food Crisis Responses. Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI); 2023. p. 52\u201361."},{"key":"1440_CR14","unstructured":"Lor-Mehdiabadi W, Adams L. Evaluation and review of the use of cash and vouchers in humanitarian crises."},{"key":"1440_CR15","unstructured":"Bailey S, Hedlund K. The impact of cash transfers on nutrition in emergency and transitional contexts: a review of evidence. London: Overseas Development Institute; 2012."},{"key":"1440_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2016.05.001","volume":"159","author":"C Porter","year":"2016","unstructured":"Porter C, Goyal R. Social protection for all ages? Impacts of Ethiopia\u2019s Productive Safety Net Program on child nutrition. Soc Sci Med. 2016;159:92\u20139.","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"1440_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e419","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(23)00562-4","volume":"12","author":"NA Escher","year":"2024","unstructured":"Escher NA, Andrade GC, Ghosh-Jerath S, Millett C, Seferidi P. The effect of nutrition-specific and nutrition-sensitive interventions on the double burden of malnutrition in low-income and middle-income countries: a systematic review. Lancet Global Health. 2024;12(3):e419\u201332.","journal-title":"Lancet Global Health"},{"key":"1440_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Manley J, Alderman H, Gentilini U. More evidence on cash transfers and child nutritional outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Glob Health. 2022;7(4):e008233. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjgh-2021-008233.","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjgh-2021-008233"},{"issue":"12","key":"1440_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e003621","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjgh-2020-003621","volume":"5","author":"J Manley","year":"2020","unstructured":"Manley J, Balarajan Y, Malm S, Harman L, Owens J, Murthy S, Stewart D, Winder-Rossi NE, Khurshid A. Cash transfers and child nutritional outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ global health. 2020;5(12):e003621.","journal-title":"BMJ global health"},{"key":"1440_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1159","DOI":"10.1590\/S0034-89102013000901159","volume":"47","author":"AP Martins","year":"2013","unstructured":"Martins AP, Canella DS, Baraldi LG, Monteiro CA. Cash transfer in Brazil and nutritional outcomes: a systematic review. Rev Saude Publica. 2013;47:1159\u201371.","journal-title":"Rev Saude Publica"},{"issue":"12","key":"1440_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1464","DOI":"10.1111\/tmi.12986","volume":"22","author":"KS Balhara","year":"2017","unstructured":"Balhara KS, Silvestri DM, Tyler Winders W, Selvam A, Kivlehan SM, Becker TK, Levine AC, Global Emergency Medicine Literature Review Group (GEMLR). Impact of nutrition interventions on pediatric mortality and nutrition outcomes in humanitarian emergencies: a systematic review. Tropical Med Int Health. 2017;22(12):1464\u201392.","journal-title":"Tropical Med Int Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"1440_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1186\/s40795-025-01021-5","volume":"11","author":"A Oumer","year":"2025","unstructured":"Oumer A, Yigezu M, Getachew MS, Mekonnen BA. Effects of productive safety net program on children\u2019s nutritional outcomes in Ethiopia: a systematic review without meta-analysis. BMC Nutr. 2025;11(1):40.","journal-title":"BMC Nutr"},{"key":"1440_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Das A, Sethi N. Cash transfers and human capital outcomes of children in LMICs: a systematic review using PRISMA. Heliyon. 2023;9(4):e15115. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.heliyon.2023.e15115.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2023.e15115"},{"issue":"20","key":"1440_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13441","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph192013441","volume":"19","author":"MK Ali","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ali MK, Flacking R, Sulaiman M, Osman F. Effects of nutrition counselling and unconditional cash transfer on child growth and family food security in internally displaced person camps in Somalia\u2014a quasi-experimental study. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022;19(20):13441.","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"issue":"10","key":"1440_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1002684","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1002684","volume":"15","author":"CS Grijalva-Eternod","year":"2018","unstructured":"Grijalva-Eternod CS, Jelle M, Haghparast-Bidgoli H, Colbourn T, Golden K, King S, Cox CL, Morrison J, Skordis-Worrall J, Fottrell E, Seal AJ. A cash-based intervention and the risk of acute malnutrition in children aged 6\u201359 months living in internally displaced persons camps in Mogadishu, Somalia: A non-randomised cluster trial. PLoS Med. 2018;15(10):e1002684.","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"1440_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e12966","DOI":"10.1111\/mcn.12966","volume":"16","author":"S Doocy","year":"2020","unstructured":"Doocy S, Busingye M, Lyles E, Colantouni E, Aidam B, Ebulu G, Savage K. Cash and voucher assistance and children\u2019s nutrition status in Somalia. Matern Child Nutr. 2020;16(3):e12966.","journal-title":"Matern Child Nutr"},{"issue":"1","key":"1440_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1186\/s40066-023-00458-w","volume":"13","author":"T Fang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Fang T, Tran A, Oranga B, Kopper R, Kang Y. Associations between a cash voucher intervention, food consumption, and coping strategies in Somali food-insecure populations. Agric Food Secur. 2024;13(1):8.","journal-title":"Agric Food Secur"},{"key":"1440_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Moher D, Liberati A, Tetzlaff J, Altman DG. Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement. BMJ. 2009;339:b2535. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.b2535.","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.b2535"},{"key":"1440_CR29","unstructured":"Hassan B, Mutiso S, Sulaiman M. More cash, bigger impacts? A field experiment of cash transfers in Somalia. 2018."},{"key":"1440_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Muriithi N. Influence Of Cash Transfer Programmes On Health And Nutrition Outcomes Among Households: A Case Of Middle Shebelle Region In Southern Somalia. 2018.","DOI":"10.31901\/24566756.2019\/59.1-3.2246"},{"key":"1440_CR31","unstructured":"The Joanna Briggs Institute. Joanna Briggs Institute Reviewers\u2019 Manual: 2014 edition. Australia: 2014."},{"key":"1440_CR32","unstructured":"Creswell JW, Clark VL. Designing and conducting mixed methods research. Sage; 2017."},{"key":"1440_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Walton S, Alier KK, Garretson S, Grounds S, Khattak Q, Tripaldi M, Loddo F, Mohamoud SA, Nur MA, Abdiqadir S, Mitchell E. A cluster-randomized trial to compare effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of cash plus interventions in preventing child wasting in Somalia: an evidence-based methodology. medRxiv [Preprint]. 2025. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2025.02.20.25322519.","DOI":"10.1101\/2025.02.20.25322519"},{"issue":"4","key":"1440_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0230989","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0230989","volume":"15","author":"S Doocy","year":"2020","unstructured":"Doocy S, Busingye M, Lyles E, Colantouni E, Aidam B, Ebulu G, Savage K. Cash-based assistance and the nutrition status of pregnant and lactating women in the Somalia food crisis: A comparison of two transfer modalities. PLoS ONE. 2020;15(4):e0230989.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"2","key":"1440_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1004180","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1004180","volume":"20","author":"CS Grijalva-Eternod","year":"2023","unstructured":"Grijalva-Eternod CS, Jelle M, Mohamed H, Waller K, Osman Hussein B, Barasa E, Solomon A, Mehjabeen S, Copas A, Fottrell E, Seal AJ. Evaluation of conditional cash transfers and mHealth audio messaging in reduction of risk factors for childhood malnutrition in internally displaced persons camps in Somalia: A 2\u00d7 2 factorial cluster-randomised controlled trial. PLoS Med. 2023;20(2):e1004180.","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"1440_CR36","unstructured":"Bliznashka L, Nwabuikwu O, Diatta AD, Ray S, Iruhiriye E, Gelli A. Review of the shock responsive safety net for human capital project\u2013Somalia. Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI); 2024."},{"key":"1440_CR37","unstructured":"Kureishy S, Abdullahi FA, Qureshi A, Hassan YI. Baxnaano: Integrating social protection, health, and nutrition in Somalia. Field Exch. 2024;73:29\u201331. https:\/\/www.ennonline.net\/fex\/73\/baxnaano. Emergency Nutrition Network."},{"issue":"1","key":"1440_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1186\/s13031-019-0241-x","volume":"14","author":"Z Ahmed","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ahmed Z, Ataullahjan A, Gaffey MF, Osman M, Umutoni C, Bhutta ZA, Dalmar AA. Understanding the factors affecting the humanitarian health and nutrition response for women and children in Somalia since 2000: a case study. Confl Health. 2020;14(1):35.","journal-title":"Confl Health"},{"key":"1440_CR39","first-page":"124","volume":"40","author":"S Segura-P\u00e9rez","year":"2016","unstructured":"Segura-P\u00e9rez S, Grajeda R, P\u00e9rez-Escamilla R. Conditional cash transfer programs and the health and nutrition of Latin American children. Revista Panam de Salud P\u00fablica. 2016;40:124\u201337.","journal-title":"Revista Panam de Salud P\u00fablica"},{"issue":"9","key":"1440_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1003698","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1003698","volume":"18","author":"MT Little","year":"2021","unstructured":"Little MT, Roelen K, Lange BC, Steinert JI, Yakubovich AR, Cluver L, Humphreys DK. Effectiveness of cash-plus programmes on early childhood outcomes compared to cash transfers alone: A systematic review and meta-analysis in low-and middle-income countries. PLoS Med. 2021;18(9):e1003698.","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"1440_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e156","DOI":"10.2196\/mhealth.8832","volume":"6","author":"TM Huda","year":"2018","unstructured":"Huda TM, Alam A, Tahsina T, Hasan MM, Khan J, Rahman MM, Siddique AB, Arifeen SE, Dibley MJ. Mobile-based nutrition counseling and unconditional cash transfers for improving maternal and child nutrition in Bangladesh: pilot study. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth. 2018;6(7):e156. 10.2196\/mhealth. 8832.","journal-title":"JMIR Mhealth Uhealth"},{"key":"1440_CR42","unstructured":"Shukri AS. Aid effectiveness and government institutions in a fragile state: the case of Somalia [master's thesis]. Istanbul: Kadir Has University; 2021."},{"issue":"2","key":"1440_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.31920\/2056-5682\/2021\/v8n2a1","volume":"8","author":"S Handa","year":"2021","unstructured":"Handa S. Examining Fragility and Aid in Somalia. J Somali Stud. 2021;8(2):13.","journal-title":"J Somali Stud"},{"key":"1440_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gfs.2016.07.009","volume":"11","author":"S Tiwari","year":"2016","unstructured":"Tiwari S, Daidone S, Ruvalcaba MA, Prifti E, Handa S, Davis B, Niang O, Pellerano L, Van Ufford PQ, Seidenfeld D. Impact of cash transfer programs on food security and nutrition in sub-Saharan Africa: A cross-country analysis. Global Food Secur. 2016;11:72\u201383.","journal-title":"Global Food Secur"},{"key":"1440_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1609237","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2025.1609237","volume":"12","author":"SL Faye","year":"2025","unstructured":"Faye SL, Sow GH. Reclaiming voices, rethinking change: a decolonial and knowledge-ecological analysis of SBCC nutrition interventions in Senegal. Front Nutr. 2025;12:1609237.","journal-title":"Front Nutr"},{"key":"1440_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Shafique K, Ahmer Z, Choudhury SR, Safdar NF, Alam SM, Wenndt AJ, Babar HK, Sadaf T, Bipul M, Turk T. Effect of integrating social and behavior change communication strategies in nutrition-sensitive social-protection programs on specific nutritional outcomes: a systematic review. Nutr Rev. 2025;83(5):nuaf063. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/nutrit\/nuaf063.","DOI":"10.1093\/nutrit\/nuaf063"},{"issue":"9","key":"1440_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0310288","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0310288","volume":"20","author":"T Turk","year":"2025","unstructured":"Turk T, Paul R, Safdar NF, Shah N, Alam SM, Choudhury SR, Shafique K, Ahmer Z, Wenndt A, Babar HK, Sadaf T. Integrating co-design into formative research for a SBCC entry-point platform for nutrition-sensitive social protection programs in low-and middle-income country settings. PLoS ONE. 2025;20(9):e0310288.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"1440_CR48","unstructured":"Kureishy S, Abdullahi FA, Qureshi A, Isaak YH. Baxnaano: integrating social protection, health, and nutrition in Somalia. Field Exchange. 2024. Available from: https:\/\/www.ennonline.net\/sites\/default\/files\/2024-07\/pg_29_baxnaano_integrating_social_protection_health_and_nutrition_in_somalia.pdf. [Cited 2026 Apr 22]."}],"container-title":["BMC Nutrition"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s40795-026-01440-y","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s40795-026-01440-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s40795-026-01440-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T22:59:07Z","timestamp":1792623547000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s40795-026-01440-y"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1440"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40795-026-01440-y","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-8273214\/v1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2055-0928"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2055-0928","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]]},"assertion":[{"value":"3 December 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"21 July 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"27 July 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"All reviewers consented for publication.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent for publication","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"222"}}