{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]],"date-time":"2026-06-18T18:55:11Z","timestamp":1781808911058,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,17]],"date-time":"2021-05-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1621209600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,17]],"date-time":"2021-05-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1621209600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sports Med - Open"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Concussion in sports has received a great deal of media attention and may result in short and longer-lasting symptoms, especially in adolescents. Although significant strides have been made in the identification and management of concussion, less is known about the primary prevention of this condition. The aims of this scoping review are to (1) summarize the current research of physical conditioning strategies to reduce or prevent concussion incidence in individuals participating in sport, especially adolescents, and (2) to identify gaps in the knowledge base. Our research question was what is known from the existing literature about physical preparation strategies to reduce or prevent concussion in adult and adolescent sports?<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Three literature searches were conducted by information officers at two universities at six-month intervals, using five electronic databases (PubMed;<jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/worldcat.org\">WorldCat.org<\/jats:ext-link>; Mendeley; EBSCOHost and Ovid MEDLINE). To increase the search range, subject experts were consulted and articles and reference lists were hand searched. A scoping review methodology identified eligible studies that analyzed physical preparation techniques on modifiable physical risk factors in athletes to reduce the incidence of concussion. The PRISMA-ScR checklist guided the reporting of the findings.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 1414 possible articles were identified, after duplicates removed, and articles analyzed against the inclusion and exclusion criteria, only 9 articles qualified for analysis. Two articles were found from studying reference lists. Thus, a total of 11 articles were included in the final evaluation for the purposes of this study. Data are reported from mostly adolescent subjects participating in nine different sports from three countries. Findings are presented with specific reference to previously recognized modifiable risk factors of concussion which include neck strength, neck size, cervical stiffness, type of sport, and pre-activity exercises.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>There is limited research examining the physical preparation of athletes, especially in adolescents, to reduce or prevent concussion, and conflicting evidence in the few small sample studies that were identified. This scoping review identifies the research gap for a potentially vital modifiable risk factor, notably in the physical preparation of children and adolescents to reduce or prevent sports-related concussion.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s40798-021-00312-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,17]],"date-time":"2021-05-17T07:03:09Z","timestamp":1621234989000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Physical Conditioning Strategies for the Prevention of Concussion in Sport: a Scoping Review"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"7","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5669-6121","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel","family":"Garnett","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6829-4098","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jon","family":"Patricios","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0620-0658","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Saul","family":"Cobbing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,17]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"312_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1097\/00001199-200609000-00001","volume":"21","author":"JA Langlois","year":"2006","unstructured":"Langlois JA, Rutland-Brown W, Wald MM. The epidemiology and impact of traumatic brain injury: a brief overview. J Head Trauma Rehabil. 2006;21(5):375\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00001199-200609000-00001.","journal-title":"J Head Trauma Rehabil"},{"issue":"3","key":"312_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1097\/HTR.0000000000000156","volume":"30","author":"VG Coronado","year":"2015","unstructured":"Coronado VG, Haileyesus T, Cheng TA, Bell JM, Haarbauer-Krupa J, Lionbarger MR, Flores-Herrera J, McGuire LC, Gilchrist J. Trends in sports- and recreation-related traumatic brain injuries treated in US Emergency Departments: The National Electronic Injury Surveillance System-All Injury Program (NEISS-AIP) 2001-2012. J Head Trauma Rehabil. 2015;30(3):185\u201397. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/HTR.0000000000000156.","journal-title":"J Head Trauma Rehabil"},{"key":"312_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hume PA, Theadom A, Lewis GN, Quarrie KL, Brown SR, Hill R, et al. A comparison of cognitive function in former Rugby Union players compared with former non-contact-sport players and the impact of concussion history. Sports Med. 2017;47(6):1209\u20131220.","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-016-0608-8"},{"issue":"4","key":"312_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546511435626","volume":"40","author":"M Marar","year":"2012","unstructured":"Marar M, McIlvain NM, Fields SK, Comstock RD. Epidemiology of concussions among united states high school athletes in 20 sports. Am J Sports Med. 2012;40(4):747\u201355. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0363546511435626.","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"312_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"232596711452846","DOI":"10.1177\/2325967114528460","volume":"2","author":"D Buzas","year":"2014","unstructured":"Buzas D, Jacobson NA, Morawa LG. Concussions from 9 youth organized sports: results from NEISS hospitals over an 11-year time frame, 2002-2012. Orthopaedic J Sports Med. 2014;2(4):2325967114528460. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/2325967114528460.","journal-title":"Orthopaedic J Sports Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"312_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"958","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546510392326","volume":"39","author":"A Lincoln","year":"2011","unstructured":"Lincoln A, Caswell S, Almquist J, Dunn R, Norris J, Hinton R. Trends in concussion incidence in high school sports: a prospective 11-year study. Am J Sports Med. 2011;39(5):958\u201363. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0363546510392326.","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"312_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1017\/S1355617712001464","volume":"20","author":"BK Dougan","year":"2014","unstructured":"Dougan BK, Horswill MS, Geffen GM. Athletes\u2019 age, sex, and years of education moderate the acute neuropsychological impact of sports-related concussion: a meta-analysis. J Int Neuropsychol Soc. 2014;20(1):64\u201380. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S1355617712001464.","journal-title":"J Int Neuropsychol Soc"},{"issue":"4","key":"312_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"608","DOI":"10.1080\/13854046.2011.565076","volume":"25","author":"ML Rohling","year":"2011","unstructured":"Rohling ML, Binder LM, Demakis GJ, Larrabee GJ, Ploetz DM, Langhinrichsen-Rohling J. A meta-analysis of neuropsychological outcome after mild traumatic brain injury: re-analyses and reconsiderations of Binder et al., Frencham et al., and Pertab et al. Clin Neuropsychol. 2011;25(4):608\u201323. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/13854046.2011.565076.","journal-title":"Clin Neuropsychol"},{"key":"312_CR9","unstructured":"Los Angeles Times. Defining Stanford volleyball star Hayley Hodson\u2019s post-concussion syndrome diagnosis 2020, December 08 [Available from: https:\/\/www.latimes.com\/sports\/story\/2020-12-08\/defining-stanford-volleyball-star-hayley-hodsons-post-concussion-syndrome-diagnosis. Accessed 2020, December 10."},{"key":"312_CR10","unstructured":"The Sydney Morning Herald. 'How many more is too many?': Pucovski concussions spark concern 2020, December 10 [Available from: https:\/\/www.smh.com.au\/sport\/cricket\/how-many-more-is-too-many-pucovski-concussions-spark-concern-20201209-p56m3r.html. Accessed 2020, December 10."},{"key":"312_CR11","unstructured":"The New York Times. She seemed destined for Olympic glory. Brain Injuries Ended That. 2020, November 22 [Available from: https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2020\/11\/20\/sports\/olympics\/skeleton-concussion-bobsled-head-injuries.html. Accessed 2020, December 10."},{"key":"312_CR12","unstructured":"The Guardian. Football without headers is unthinkable \u2013 or is it? 2020, December 09. [Available from: https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/football\/commentisfree\/2020\/dec\/09\/football-without-headers-is-unthinkable-or-is-it]. Accessed 2020, December 10."},{"key":"312_CR13","unstructured":"The Guardian. Rugby urged to improve safety quickly to reduce risk of more lawsuits 2020, December 09 [Available from: https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/sport\/2020\/dec\/09\/rugby-urged-to-improve-safety-measures-lawsuits-concussion-dementia. Accessed 2020, December 10."},{"key":"312_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"McCrory P, Meeuwisse W, Dvo\u0159\u00e1k J, Aubry M, Bailes J, Broglio S, et al. Consensus statement on concussion in sport\u2014the 5th international conference on concussion in sport held in Berlin, October 2016. Br J Sports Med. 2017;51(11):838\u2013847.","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2017-097699"},{"issue":"19","key":"312_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2684","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2017.5032","volume":"34","author":"RC Lynall","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lynall RC, Campbell KR, Wasserman EB, Dompier TP, Kerr ZY. Concussion mechanisms and activities in youth, high school, and college football. J Neurotrauma. 2017;34(19):2684\u201390. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/neu.2017.5032.","journal-title":"J Neurotrauma"},{"issue":"4","key":"312_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"756","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546513476265","volume":"41","author":"A Lincoln","year":"2013","unstructured":"Lincoln A, Caswell S, Almquist J, Dunn R, Hinton R. Video incident analysis of concussions in boys\u2019 high school lacrosse. Am J Sports Med. 2013;41(4):756\u201361. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0363546513476265.","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"312_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-013-2791-6","volume":"22","author":"MW Collins","year":"2014","unstructured":"Collins MW, Kontos AP, Reynolds E, Murawski CD, Fu FH. A comprehensive, targeted approach to the clinical care of athletes following sport-related concussion. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2014;22(2):235\u201346. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00167-013-2791-6.","journal-title":"Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc"},{"key":"312_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.2009.058172","volume":"43","author":"RW Dick","year":"2009","unstructured":"Dick RW. Is there a gender difference in concussion incidence and outcomes? Br J Sports Med. 2009;43:46\u201351.","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"312_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2018.5498","volume":"173","author":"CA Emery","year":"2019","unstructured":"Emery CA, Black AM. Are Rule Changes the Low-Hanging Fruit for Concussion Prevention in Youth Sport? JAMA Pediatr. 2019;173(4):309\u201310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2018.5498.","journal-title":"JAMA Pediatr"},{"issue":"15","key":"312_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"948","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2016-097217","volume":"53","author":"F Beaudouin","year":"2019","unstructured":"Beaudouin F, Aus der Funten K, Tross T, Reinsberger C, Meyer T. Head injuries in professional male football (soccer) over 13 years: 29% lower incidence rates after a rule change (red card). Br J Sports Med. 2019;53(15):948\u201352. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bjsports-2016-097217.","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"312_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.17159\/2078-516X\/2016\/v28i1a1412","volume":"28","author":"J Brown","year":"2016","unstructured":"Brown J, Viljoen W, Hendricks S, Abrahams S, Burger N, McFie S, et al. On-field identification and management of concussion in amateur rugby union. South Afr J Sports Med. 2016;28(1):6\u201310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.17159\/2078-516X\/2016\/v28i1a1412.","journal-title":"South Afr J Sports Med"},{"key":"312_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stokes KA, Locke D, Roberts S, Henderson L, Tucker R, Ryan D, et al. Does reducing the height of the tackle through law change in elite men's rugby union (The Championship, England) reduce the incidence of concussion? A controlled study in 126 games. Br J Sports Med. 2019;55(4):220\u201325.","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2019-101557"},{"key":"312_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"White AJ, Piggin J, Batten J, Turner G, Pearce A, Bullingham R, et al. Ethics and injury risk in World Rugby and England Rugby tackle-height trial. Br J Sports Med. 2020;bjsports-2020-101983. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bjsports-2020-101983.","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2020-101983"},{"issue":"2","key":"312_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1136\/ip.2009.022764","volume":"16","author":"CA Emery","year":"2010","unstructured":"Emery CA, Hagel B, Decloe M, Carly M. Risk factors for injury and severe injury in youth ice hockey: a systematic review of the literature. Injury Prev. 2010;16(2):113\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/ip.2009.022764.","journal-title":"Injury Prev"},{"issue":"2","key":"312_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546516669701","volume":"45","author":"MP Krolikowski","year":"2017","unstructured":"Krolikowski MP, Black AM, Palacios-Derflingher L, Blake TA, Schneider KJ, Emery CA. The effect of the \u201czero tolerance for head contact\u201d rule change on the risk of concussions in youth ice hockey players. Am J Sports Med. 2017;45(2):468\u201373. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0363546516669701.","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"key":"312_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsr.2018.11.005","volume":"68","author":"D Waltzman","year":"2019","unstructured":"Waltzman D, Sarmiento K. What the research says about concussion risk factors and prevention strategies for youth sports: a scoping review of six commonly played sports. J Saf Res. 2019;68:157\u201372. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jsr.2018.11.005.","journal-title":"J Saf Res"},{"key":"312_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1007\/s10935-014-0355-2","volume":"35","author":"FE Collins","year":"2014","unstructured":"Collins FE, Fields S, Kluchurosky L, Rohrkemper MK, Comstock D, et al. Neck Strength: A Protective Factor Reducing Risk for Concussion in High School Sports. J Prim Prev. 2014;35:309\u201319.","journal-title":"J Prim Prev"},{"issue":"16","key":"312_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1289","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2011-090538","volume":"45","author":"CA Emery","year":"2011","unstructured":"Emery CA, Kang J, Schneider KJ, Meeuwisse WH. Risk of injury and concussion associated with team performance and penalty minutes in competitive youth ice hockey. Br J Sports Med. 2011;45(16):1289\u201393. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bjsports-2011-090538.","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"312_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2470","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546514541926","volume":"42","author":"TA McGuine","year":"2014","unstructured":"McGuine TA, Hetzel S, McCrea M, Brooks MA. Protective equipment and player characteristics associated with the incidence of sport-related concussion in high school football players: a multifactorial prospective study. Am J Sports Med. 2014;42(10):2470\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0363546514541926.","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"312_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2056","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546514536685","volume":"42","author":"JD Schmidt","year":"2014","unstructured":"Schmidt JD, Guskiewicz KM, Blackburn JT, Mihalik JP, Siegmund GP, Marshall SW. The influence of cervical muscle characteristics on head impact biomechanics in football. Am J Sports Med. 2014;42(9):2056\u201366. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0363546514536685.","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"key":"312_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2013-092734","volume":"48","author":"S Abrahams","year":"2013","unstructured":"Abrahams S, McFie S, Patricios J, Posthumus M, September AV. Risk factors for sports concussion: An evidence-based systematic review. Br J Sports Med. 2013;48:91\u20137.","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"312_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.3109\/02699052.2014.974674","volume":"29","author":"DK Broshek","year":"2015","unstructured":"Broshek DK, De Marco AP, Freeman JR. A review of post-concussion syndrome and psychological factors associated with concussion. Brain Inj. 2015;29(2):228\u201337. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3109\/02699052.2014.974674.","journal-title":"Brain Inj"},{"issue":"5","key":"312_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"416","DOI":"10.1097\/JSM.0B013E31822C8A5C","volume":"21","author":"JP Mihalik","year":"2011","unstructured":"Mihalik JP, Guskiewicz KM, Marshall SW, Greenwald RM, Blackburn JT, Cantu RC. Does Cervical Muscle Strength in Youth Ice Hockey Players Affect Head Impact Biomechanics? Clin Sports Med. 2011;21(5):416\u201321. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/JSM.0B013E31822C8A5C.","journal-title":"Clin Sports Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"312_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"578","DOI":"10.4085\/1062-6050-43.6.578","volume":"43","author":"RT Tierney","year":"2008","unstructured":"Tierney RT, Higgins M, Caswell SV, Brady J, McHardy K, Driban JB, Darvish K. Sex differences in head acceleration during heading while wearing soccer headgear. J Athl Train. 2008;43(6):578\u201384. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4085\/1062-6050-43.6.578.","journal-title":"J Athl Train"},{"issue":"2","key":"312_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1227\/01.NEU.0000279969.02685.D0","volume":"61","author":"DC Viano","year":"2007","unstructured":"Viano DC, Casson IR, Pellman EJ. Concussion in professional football: Biomechanics of the struck player - Part 14. Neurosurgery. 2007;61(2):313\u201328. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1227\/01.NEU.0000279969.02685.D0.","journal-title":"Neurosurgery."},{"issue":"4","key":"312_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1097\/PHM.0000000000000843","volume":"97","author":"JT Eckner","year":"2018","unstructured":"Eckner JT, Goshtasbi A, Curtis K, Kapshai A, Myyra E, Franco LM, Favre M, Jacobson JA, Ashton-Miller JA. Feasibility and effect of cervical resistance training on head kinematics in youth athletes. Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 2018;97(4):292\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/PHM.0000000000000843.","journal-title":"Am J Phys Med Rehabil"},{"issue":"1","key":"312_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1123\/pes.2013-0102","volume":"26","author":"GM Gutierrez","year":"2014","unstructured":"Gutierrez GM, Conte C, Lightbourne K. The relationship between impact force, neck strength, and neurocognitive performance in soccer heading in adolescent females. Pediatr Exerc Sci. 2014;26(1):33\u201340. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1123\/pes.2013-0102.","journal-title":"Pediatr Exerc Sci"},{"issue":"10","key":"312_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2447","DOI":"10.1007\/s11999-017-5342-5","volume":"475","author":"HJ Silvers-Granelli","year":"2017","unstructured":"Silvers-Granelli HJ, Bizzini M, Arundale A, Mandelbaum BR, Snyder-Mackler L. Does the FIFA 11+ Injury Prevention Program Reduce the Incidence of ACL Injury in Male Soccer Players? Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2017;475(10):2447\u201355. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11999-017-5342-5.","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"312_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1007\/s40141-014-0076-8","volume":"3","author":"D Sugimoto","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sugimoto D, Myer GD, Micheli LJ, Hewett TE. ABCs of evidence-based anterior cruciate ligament injury prevention strategies in female athletes. Curr Phys Med Rehabil Rep. 2015;3(1):43\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40141-014-0076-8.","journal-title":"Curr Phys Med Rehabil Rep"},{"issue":"1-2","key":"312_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2006.02.009","volume":"9","author":"C Finch","year":"2006","unstructured":"Finch C. A new framework for research leading to sports injury prevention. J Sci Med Sport. 2006;9(1-2):3\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jsams.2006.02.009.","journal-title":"J Sci Med Sport"},{"issue":"12","key":"312_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"794","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2012-091886","volume":"47","author":"K Steffen","year":"2013","unstructured":"Steffen K, Emery CA, Romiti M, Kang J, Bizzini M, Dvorak J, Finch CF, Meeuwisse WH. High adherence to a neuromuscular injury prevention programme (FIFA 11+) improves functional balance and reduces injury risk in Canadian youth female football players: A cluster randomised trial. Br J Sports Med. 2013;47(12):794\u2013802. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bjsports-2012-091886.","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"312_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11986","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph111111986","volume":"11","author":"NC Barengo","year":"2014","unstructured":"Barengo NC, Meneses-Ech\u00e1vez JF, Ram\u00edrez-V\u00e9lez R, Cohen DD, Tovar G, Enrique Correa Bautista J. The impact of the fifa 11+ training program on injury prevention in football players: A systematic review. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2014;11(11):11986\u20132000. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph111111986.","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"issue":"5","key":"312_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1097\/JSM.0000000000000663","volume":"29","author":"JJ Leddy","year":"2019","unstructured":"Leddy JJ, Haider MN, Hinds AL, Darling S, Willer BS. A preliminary study of the effect of early aerobic exercise treatment for sport-related concussion in males. Clin J Sport Med. 2019;29(5):353\u201360. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/JSM.0000000000000663.","journal-title":"Clin J Sport Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"312_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2491","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0000000000002402","volume":"52","author":"P Langevin","year":"2020","unstructured":"Langevin P, Fr\u00c9Mont P, Fait P, Dub\u00c9 M-O, Bertrand-Charette M, Roy J-S. Aerobic exercise for sport-related concussion: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2020;52(12):2491\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1249\/MSS.0000000000002402.","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"issue":"1","key":"312_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1080\/1364557032000119616","volume":"8","author":"H Arksey","year":"2005","unstructured":"Arksey H, O'Malley L. Scoping studies: towards a methodological framework. Int J Soc Res Methodol. 2005;8(1):19\u201332. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/1364557032000119616.","journal-title":"Int J Soc Res Methodol"},{"issue":"1","key":"312_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1186\/1748-5908-5-69","volume":"5","author":"D Levac","year":"2010","unstructured":"Levac D, Colquhoun H, O'Brien KK. Scoping studies: advancing the methodology. Implement Sci. 2010;5(1):69. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1748-5908-5-69.","journal-title":"Implement Sci"},{"issue":"7","key":"312_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.7326\/M18-0850","volume":"169","author":"AC Tricco","year":"2018","unstructured":"Tricco AC, Lillie E, Zarin W, O'Brien KK, Colquhoun H, Levac D, Moher D, Peters MDJ, Horsley T, Weeks L, Hempel S, Akl EA, Chang C, McGowan J, Stewart L, Hartling L, Aldcroft A, Wilson MG, Garritty C, Lewin S, Godfrey CM, Macdonald MT, Langlois EV, Soares-Weiser K, Moriarty J, Clifford T, Tun\u00e7alp \u00d6, Straus SE. PRISMA extension for scoping reviews (PRISMA-ScR): checklist and explanation. Ann Intern Med. 2018;169(7):467\u201373. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7326\/M18-0850.","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"312_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2017-098005","volume":"52","author":"MJ Attwood","year":"2018","unstructured":"Attwood MJ, Roberts SP, Trewartha G, England ME, Stokes KA. Efficacy of a movement control injury prevention programme in adult men's community rugby union: a cluster randomised controlled trial. Br J Sports Med. 2018;52(6):368\u201374. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bjsports-2017-098005.","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"312_CR49","first-page":"729","volume":"18","author":"S Becker","year":"2019","unstructured":"Becker S, Berger J, Backfisch M, Ludwig O, Kelm J, Fr\u00f6hlich M. Effects of a 6-week strength training of the neck flexors and extensors on the head acceleration during headers in soccer. J Sports Sci Med. 2019;18(4):729\u201337.","journal-title":"J Sports Sci Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"312_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.1080\/14763141.2017.1360385","volume":"17","author":"JB Caccese","year":"2018","unstructured":"Caccese JB, Buckley TA, Tierney RT, Arbogast KB, Rose WC, Glutting JJ, Kaminski TW. Head and neck size and neck strength predict linear and rotational acceleration during purposeful soccer heading. Sports Biomech. 2018;17(4):462\u201376. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/14763141.2017.1360385.","journal-title":"Sports Biomech"},{"issue":"6","key":"312_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2019.01.009","volume":"22","author":"CP Eckersley","year":"2019","unstructured":"Eckersley CP, Nightingale RW, Luck JF, Bass CR. The role of cervical muscles in mitigating concussion. J Sci Med Sport. 2019;22(6):667\u201371. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jsams.2019.01.009.","journal-title":"J Sci Med Sport"},{"key":"312_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Eckner JT, Oh YK, Joshi MS, Richardson JK, Ashton-Miller JA. Effect of neck muscle strength and anticipatory cervical muscle activation on the kinematic response of the head to impulsive loads. Am J Sports Med. 2014;42(3):566\u201376.","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546513517869"},{"issue":"15","key":"312_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1140","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2016-097434","volume":"51","author":"M Hislop","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hislop M, Stokes K, Williams S, Mckay CD, England M, Kemp S, et al. Reducing musculoskeletal injury and concussion risk in schoolboy rugby players with a pre-activity movement control exercise programme: A cluster randomised controlled trial. Br J Sports Med. 2017;51(15):1140\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bjsports-2016-097434.","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"312_CR54","first-page":"131","volume":"6","author":"P Lisman","year":"2012","unstructured":"Lisman P, Sigorile J, Del Rossi G, Asfour S, Eltoukhy M, Stambolian D, et al. Investigation of the Effects of Cervical Strength Training on Neck Strength, EMG, and Head Kinematics during a Football Tackle. Int J Sports Sci Eng. 2012;6(3):131\u201340.","journal-title":"Int J Sports Sci Eng"},{"issue":"4","key":"312_CR55","first-page":"310","volume":"40","author":"J Mansell","year":"2005","unstructured":"Mansell J, Tierney RT, Sitler M, Swanik K, Stearne D. Resistance training and head-neck segment dynamic stabilization in male and female collegiate soccer players. J Athl Train. 2005;40(4):310\u20139.","journal-title":"J Athl Train"},{"issue":"1","key":"312_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjsem-2015-000043","volume":"2","author":"M Hislop","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hislop M, Stokes K, Williams S, Mckay CD, England M, Kemp S, et al. The efficacy of a movement control exercise programme to reduce injuries in youth rugby: a cluster randomised controlled trial. BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med. 2016;2(1):e000043. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjsem-2015-000043.","journal-title":"BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"312_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1111\/sms.13562","volume":"30","author":"SB Sandmo","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sandmo SB, Andersen TE, Koerte IK, Bahr R. Head impact exposure in youth football-Are current interventions hitting the target? Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2020;30(1):193\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/sms.13562.","journal-title":"Scand J Med Sci Sports"},{"key":"312_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"White AJ, Batten J, Kirkwood G, Anderson E, Pollock AM. \u2018Pre-activity movement control exercise programme to prevent injuries in youth rugby\u2019: some concerns. Br J Sports Med. 2018; bjsports-2018-099051:525\u20136.","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2018-099051"},{"issue":"4","key":"312_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1113","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0000000000000712","volume":"29","author":"SK Harries","year":"2015","unstructured":"Harries SK, Lubans DR, Callister R. Systematic review and meta-analysis of linear and undulating periodized resistance training programs on muscular strength. J Strength Conditioning Res. 2015;29(4):1113\u201325. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1519\/JSC.0000000000000712.","journal-title":"J Strength Conditioning Res"},{"key":"312_CR60","unstructured":"Dempsey AR, Fairchild TJ, Appleby BB. The relationship between neck strength and head accelerations in a rugby tackle. Poitiers: 33rd International Conference on Biomechanics in Sports; 2015."},{"issue":"4","key":"312_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"990","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0000000000000366","volume":"28","author":"S Bartolomei","year":"2014","unstructured":"Bartolomei S, Hoffman JR, Merni F, Stout JR. A comparison of traditional and block periodized strength training programs in trained athletes. J Strength Conditioning Res. 2014;28(4):990\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1519\/JSC.0000000000000366.","journal-title":"J Strength Conditioning Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"312_CR62","first-page":"36","volume":"8","author":"T Myers","year":"2011","unstructured":"Myers T. Fascial fitness: Training in the neuromyofascial web. IDEA Fitness J. 2011;8(4):36\u201343.","journal-title":"IDEA Fitness J"},{"issue":"1","key":"312_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbmt.2016.11.003","volume":"21","author":"S Adstrum","year":"2017","unstructured":"Adstrum S, Hedley G, Schleip R, Stecco C, Yucesoy CA. Defining the fascial system. J Bodyw Mov Ther. 2017;21(1):173\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jbmt.2016.11.003.","journal-title":"J Bodyw Mov Ther"},{"issue":"3","key":"312_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"664","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbmt.2017.03.012","volume":"21","author":"S Levin","year":"2017","unstructured":"Levin S, de Solorzano SL, Scarr G. The significance of closed kinematic chains to biological movement and dynamic stability. J Bodyw Mov Ther. 2017;21(3):664\u201372. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jbmt.2017.03.012.","journal-title":"J Bodyw Mov Ther"},{"issue":"6","key":"312_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1097\/JSM.0000000000000071","volume":"24","author":"K Geary","year":"2014","unstructured":"Geary K, Green BS, Delahunt E. Effects of neck strength training on isometric neck strength in rugby union players. Clin J Sport Med. 2014;24(6):502\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/JSM.0000000000000071.","journal-title":"Clin J Sport Med"}],"container-title":["Sports Medicine - Open"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s40798-021-00312-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s40798-021-00312-y\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s40798-021-00312-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,30]],"date-time":"2024-08-30T23:40:46Z","timestamp":1725061246000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/sportsmedicine-open.springeropen.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s40798-021-00312-y"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,17]]},"references-count":65,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]}},"alternative-id":["312"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40798-021-00312-y","relation":{},"ISSN":["2199-1170","2198-9761"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2199-1170","type":"print"},{"value":"2198-9761","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,17]]},"assertion":[{"value":"9 July 2020","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"4 March 2021","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"17 May 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics Approval and Consent to Participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for Publication"}},{"value":"The author, Jon Patricios, is a board member of the Concussion in Sport group (CISG) and sports concussion advisor to the South African Rugby Union; both positions are unpaid.The authors, Daniel Garnett and Saul Cobbing, declare that they have no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing Interests"}}],"article-number":"31"}}