{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T03:39:56Z","timestamp":1792121996272,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,21]],"date-time":"2021-08-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1629504000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,21]],"date-time":"2021-08-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1629504000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003509","name":"\u00d6rebro University","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003509","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sports Med - Open"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Little is known about vital signs during the very first minutes after an accident. This study aimed to describe the vital signs of motorcycle riders shortly after racetrack crashes and examine the clinical value of these data for the prehospital clinical assessments.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>A retrospective observational cohort based on data from medical records on 104 motorcycle accidents at a racetrack in Sweden, covering the season of 2019 (May 01 until September 17), was conducted. Both race and practice runs were included. In addition, data from the Swedish Trauma Registry were used for patients referred to the hospital. Kruskal-Wallis test and linear regression were calculated in addition to descriptive statistics.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>In all, 30 riders (29%) were considered injured. Sixteen riders (15%) were referred to the hospital, and of these, five patients (5% of all riders) had suffered serious injuries. Aside from a decreased level of consciousness, no single vital sign or kinematic component observed within the early minutes after a crash was a strong clinical indicator of the occurrence of injuries. However, weak links were found between highsider or collision crashes and the occurrence of injuries.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Except for a decreased level of consciousness, this study indicates that the clinical value of early measured vital signs might be limited for the pre-hospital clinical assessment in the motorsport environment. Also, an adjustment of general trauma triage protocols might be considered for settings such as racetracks. Using the context with medical professionals at the victim\u2019s side within a few minutes after an accident, that is common in motorsport, offers unique possibilities to increase our understanding of clinical signs and trauma in the early state after an accident.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s40798-021-00350-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,21]],"date-time":"2021-08-21T08:02:37Z","timestamp":1629532957000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Vital and Clinical Signs Gathered Within the First Minutes After a Motorcycle Accident on a Racetrack: an Observational Study"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"7","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0534-4593","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karin","family":"Hugelius","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jerry","family":"Lidberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linda","family":"Ekh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Per","family":"\u00d6rtenwall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"350_CR1","unstructured":"Svenska motorsportf\u00f6rundet (eng: Swedish Association of Motorsport). Special regulations for road racing. Norrkoping; 2021."},{"issue":"6","key":"350_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1123\/ijspp.2017-0664","volume":"13","author":"E D'Artibale","year":"2018","unstructured":"D'Artibale E, Rohan M, Cronin JB. Trend analysis of 20 years of FIM road racing grand prix motorcycle world championship. Int J Sports Physiol Perform. 2018;13(6):795\u2013801. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1123\/ijspp.2017-0664.","journal-title":"Int J Sports Physiol Perform."},{"key":"350_CR3","volume-title":"Global status report on road safety 2018","author":"WHO","year":"2018","unstructured":"WHO. Global status report on road safety 2018. Geneva: WHO; 2018."},{"key":"350_CR4","unstructured":"Swedish Transport Agency. National Statistics on traffic accidents 2019, Swedish Stockholm. 2019."},{"key":"350_CR5","volume-title":"Statistical yearly report of ambulance services in Sweden. Stockholm","author":"(SKL) Swedish Association of Local Authorities and Regions","year":"2019","unstructured":"(SKL) Swedish Association of Local Authorities and Regions. Statistical yearly report of ambulance services in Sweden. Stockholm: 2019."},{"issue":"2","key":"350_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1097\/ta.0000000000001516","volume":"83","author":"EAJ van Rein","year":"2017","unstructured":"van Rein EAJ, Houwert RM, Gunning AC, Lichtveld RA, Leenen LPH, van Heijl M. Accuracy of prehospital triage protocols in selecting severely injured patients: a systematic review. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2017;83(2):328\u201339. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/ta.0000000000001516.","journal-title":"J Trauma Acute Care Surg"},{"issue":"9","key":"350_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1872","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2016.07.005","volume":"34","author":"J Bedolla","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bedolla J, Santelli J, Sabra J, Cabanas JG, Ziebell C, Olvey S. Elite motorcycle racing: crash types and injury patterns in the MotoGP class. The American journal of emergency medicine. 2016;34(9):1872\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajem.2016.07.005.","journal-title":"The American journal of emergency medicine"},{"issue":"5","key":"350_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"817","DOI":"10.23736\/s0022-4707.18.09056-4","volume":"59","author":"H Keil","year":"2019","unstructured":"Keil H, Reimers D, Lingner M, et al. Injury patterns in professional motorbike racing: a retrospective analysis of 728 falls. J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 2019;59(5):817\u201321. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.23736\/s0022-4707.18.09056-4.","journal-title":"J Sports Med Phys Fitness"},{"issue":"1","key":"350_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1136\/ip.7.1.10","volume":"7","author":"M Stevenson","year":"2001","unstructured":"Stevenson M, Segui-Gomez M, Lescohier I, di Scala C, McDonald-Smith G. An overview of the injury severity score and the new injury severity score. Inj Prev. 2001;7(1):10\u20133. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/ip.7.1.10.","journal-title":"Inj Prev"},{"key":"350_CR10","volume-title":"An Introduction to Medical Statistics","author":"M Bland","year":"2000","unstructured":"Bland M. An Introduction to Medical Statistics. 3rd ed. Oxford, Great Britain: Oxford University Press; 2000.","edition":"3"},{"issue":"3","key":"350_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1017\/s1049023x2000028x","volume":"35","author":"MD Trust","year":"2020","unstructured":"Trust MD, Schellenberg M, Biswas S, Inaba K, Cheng V, Warriner Z, et al. Prehospital vital signs accurately predict initial emergency department vital signs. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2020;35(3):1\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s1049023x2000028x.","journal-title":"Prehosp Disaster Med"},{"issue":"1 Suppl 1","key":"350_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"s98","DOI":"10.1097\/ta.0000000000001482","volume":"83","author":"NT Liu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Liu NT, Holcomb JB, Wade CE, Salinas J. Inefficacy of standard vital signs for predicting mortality and the need for prehospital life-saving interventions in blunt trauma patients transported via helicopter: a repeated call for new measures. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2017;83(1 Suppl 1):s98\u2013s103. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/ta.0000000000001482.","journal-title":"J Trauma Acute Care Surg"},{"key":"350_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Najafi Z, Abbaszadeh A, Zakeri H, et al. Determination of mis-triage in trauma patients: a systematic review. Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg. Published Online First: 25 February 2019. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00068-019-01097-2","DOI":"10.1007\/s00068-019-01097-2"},{"issue":"1","key":"350_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1007\/s00068-019-01097-2","volume":"27","author":"U Andersson","year":"2019","unstructured":"Andersson U, Maurin Soderholm H, Wireklint Sundstrom B, et al. Clinical reasoning in the emergency medical services: an integrative review. Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med. 2019;27(1):76. Published Online First: 21 August 2019. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00068-019-01097-2.","journal-title":"Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"350_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1186\/s13049-019-0619-1","volume":"27","author":"F Linder","year":"2019","unstructured":"Linder F, Holmberg L, Bjorck M, et al. A prospective stepped wedge cohort evaluation of the new national trauma team activation criteria in Sweden\u2014the TRAUMALERT study. Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med. 2019;27(1):52. Published Online First: 2 May 2019. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13049-019-0619-1.","journal-title":"Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"350_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.2004.013722","volume":"39","author":"Y Tomida","year":"2005","unstructured":"Tomida Y, Hirata H, Fukuda A, et al. Injuries in elite motorcycle racing in Japan. Br J Sports Med. 2005;39(8):508\u201311. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bjsm.2004.013722 [published Online First: 28 July 2005].","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"key":"350_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Deng Q, Tang B, Xue C, et al. Comparison of the ability to predict mortality between the Injury Severity Score and the New Injury Severity Score: a meta-analysis. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 13(2016, 8):825. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph13080825 [published Online First: 19 August 2016].","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph13080825"}],"container-title":["Sports Medicine - Open"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s40798-021-00350-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s40798-021-00350-6\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s40798-021-00350-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,21]],"date-time":"2021-08-21T08:12:42Z","timestamp":1629533562000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/sportsmedicine-open.springeropen.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s40798-021-00350-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,21]]},"references-count":17,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]}},"alternative-id":["350"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40798-021-00350-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["2199-1170","2198-9761"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2199-1170","type":"print"},{"value":"2198-9761","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,21]]},"assertion":[{"value":"19 February 2021","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"28 July 2021","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"21 August 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Ethical approval was obtained from the Swedish Ethical Review Authority (dnr 2019-05803).","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics Approval and Consent to Participate"}},{"value":"Not required","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for Publication"}},{"value":"One author, JL, is the owner of the private medical services company contracted as a medical team at the racetrack studied. The other authors, Karin Hugelius, Linda Ekh and Per \u00d6rtenwall, declare that they have no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing Interests"}}],"article-number":"59"}}