{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T13:50:19Z","timestamp":1787061019744,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]],"date-time":"2021-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638316800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,7]],"date-time":"2021-12-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638835200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":6,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001803","name":"Charles Darwin University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001803","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sports Med - Open"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Urinary incontinence (UI) can negatively affect a woman\u2019s quality of life, participation in sport and athletic performance. The objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence of UI in competitive women powerlifters; identify possible risk factors and activities likely to provoke UI; and establish self-care practices.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This international cross-sectional study was conducted using an online survey completed by 480 competitive women powerlifters aged between 20 and 71\u00a0years. The Incontinence Severity Index (ISI) was used to determine the severity of UI.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We found that 43.9% of women had experienced UI within the three months prior to this study. The deadlift was the most likely, and the bench-press the least likely exercise to provoke UI. ISI scores were positively correlated with parity (\n                      <jats:italic>\u03c4<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.227\n                      <jats:italic>, p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001), age (\n                      <jats:italic>\u03c4<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.179\n                      <jats:italic>, p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001), competition total (\n                      <jats:italic>\u03c4<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.105,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.002) and body mass index score (\n                      <jats:italic>\u03c4<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.089,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.009\n                      <jats:italic>)<\/jats:italic>\n                      . There was no significant correlation between ISI and years strength training (\n                      <jats:italic>\u03c4<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009\u2212\u20090.052,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.147) or years powerlifting (\n                      <jats:italic>\u03c4<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.041,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.275). There was a negative correlation between ISI score with having a\u00a0pelvic floor assessment (\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b7<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.197),\u00a0and the ability to correctly perform pelvic floor exercises (\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b7<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0= 0.172).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The prevalence of UI in this cohort was at the upper limit experienced by women in the general population. Women who had undergone a pelvic floor examination or were confident in correctly performing pelvic floor exercises experienced less severe UI.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s40798-021-00387-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,7]],"date-time":"2021-12-07T03:02:52Z","timestamp":1638846172000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Urinary Incontinence in Competitive Women Powerlifters: A Cross-Sectional Survey"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"7","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8531-576X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lolita","family":"Wikander","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2569-6695","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marilynne N.","family":"Kirshbaum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1297-9223","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nasreena","family":"Waheed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2375-6746","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel E.","family":"Gahreman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"387_CR1","unstructured":"ICS Glossary [Internet]. 2021 [cited 2 Nov 2021]. https:\/\/www.ics.org\/glossary."},{"key":"387_CR2","unstructured":"Committee 1 Epidemiology of urinary incontinence and other lower urinary tract symptoms pelvic organ prolapse and anal incontinence. 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