{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T11:33:16Z","timestamp":1792495996377,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,30]],"date-time":"2022-07-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1659139200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,30]],"date-time":"2022-07-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1659139200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sports Med - Open"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Anterior knee pain (AKP) is one of the most common conditions to bring active young patients to a sports injury clinic. It is a heterogeneous condition related to multiple causative factors. Compared to the general population, there appears to be a higher risk of development of patellofemoral osteoarthritis in patients with AKP. AKP can be detrimental to the patient\u2019s quality of life and, in the larger context, significantly burdens the economy with high healthcare costs. This study aims to present a comprehensive evaluation of AKP to improve clinical daily practice. The causes of AKP can be traced not only to structures within and around the knee, but also to factors outside the knee, such as limb malalignment, weakness of specific hip muscle groups, and core and ligamentous laxity. Hence, AKP warrants a pointed evaluation of history and thorough clinical examination, complemented with relevant radiological investigations to identify its origin in the knee and its cause. Conservative management of the condition achieves good results in a majority of patients with AKP. Surgical management becomes necessary only when it is deemed to provide benefit\u2014when the patient has well-characterized structural abnormalities of the knee or limb that correlate with the AKP clinically or in situations where the patient does not obtain significant or sustained relief from symptoms. AKP has a multifactorial etiology. The treatment strategy must be individualized to the patient based on the patient profile and specific cause identified. Hence, treatment of AKP warrants a pointed evaluation of history and thorough clinical examination complemented with relevant radiological investigations to identify the condition\u2019s origin and its cause. A holistic approach focused on the patient as a whole will ensure a good clinical outcome, as much as a focus on the joint as the therapeutic target.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1186\/s40798-022-00488-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,30]],"date-time":"2022-07-30T08:06:51Z","timestamp":1659168411000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":47,"title":["Anterior Knee Pain: State of the Art"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1216-792X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Riccardo","family":"D\u2019Ambrosi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amit","family":"Meena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akshya","family":"Raj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicola","family":"Ursino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Timothy E.","family":"Hewett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"488_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ptsp.2021.06.005","volume":"51","author":"M Harris","year":"2021","unstructured":"Harris M, Edwards S, Rio E, Cook J, Cencini S, Hannington MC, Bonello C, Docking S. Nearly 40% of adolescent athletes report anterior knee pain regardless of maturation status, age, sex or sport played. Phys Ther Sport. 2021;51:29\u201335. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ptsp.2021.06.005.","journal-title":"Phys Ther Sport"},{"key":"488_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4085\/1062-6050-0578.20","author":"NR Glaviano","year":"2021","unstructured":"Glaviano NR, Boling MC, Fraser JJ. Anterior knee pain risk differs between sex and occupation in military tactical athletes. J Athl Train. 2021. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4085\/1062-6050-0578.20.","journal-title":"J Athl Train"},{"key":"488_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.4085\/1062-6050-0604.20","volume":"57","author":"M Hannington","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hannington M, Tait T, Docking S, Cook J, Owoeye O, Bonello C, Emery C, Pasanen K, Edwards S, Rio E. Prevalence and pain distribution of anterior knee pain in collegiate basketball players. J Athl Train. 2022;57:319\u201324. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4085\/1062-6050-0604.20.","journal-title":"J Athl Train"},{"key":"488_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-016-1097-5","volume":"17","author":"P Dey","year":"2016","unstructured":"Dey P, Callaghan M, Cook N, Sephton R, Sutton C, Hough E, James J, Saqib R, Selfe J. A questionnaire to identify patellofemoral pain in the community: an exploration of measurement properties. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2016;17:237. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12891-016-1097-5.","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord"},{"key":"488_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0190892","volume":"13","author":"BE Smith","year":"2018","unstructured":"Smith BE, Selfe J, Thacker D, Hendrick P, Bateman M, Moffatt F, Rathleff MS, Smith TO, Logan P. Incidence and prevalence of patellofemoral pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS ONE. 2018;13: e0190892. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0190892.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"488_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1016\/j.berh.2019.02.004","volume":"33","author":"KM Crossley","year":"2019","unstructured":"Crossley KM, van Middelkoop M, Barton CJ, Culvenor AG. Rethinking patellofemoral pain: prevention, management and long-term consequences. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol. 2019;33:48\u201365. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.berh.2019.02.004.","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol"},{"key":"488_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2015-h3939rep","volume":"50","author":"KM Crossley","year":"2016","unstructured":"Crossley KM, Callaghan MJ, van Linschoten R. Patellofemoral pain. Br J Sports Med. 2016;50:247\u201350. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bjsports-2015-h3939rep.","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"key":"488_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.2019.0302","author":"RW Willy","year":"2019","unstructured":"Willy RW, Hoglund LT, Barton CJ, Bolgla LA, Scalzitti DA, Logerstedt DS, Lynch AD, Snyder-Mackler L, McDonough CM. Patellofemoral pain. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2019. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2519\/jospt.2019.0302.","journal-title":"J Orthop Sports Phys Ther"},{"key":"488_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2016.07.013","volume":"46","author":"E Yelin","year":"2016","unstructured":"Yelin E, Weinstein S, King T. The burden of musculoskeletal diseases in the United States. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 2016;46:259\u201360. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2016.07.013.","journal-title":"Semin Arthritis Rheum"},{"issue":"14","key":"488_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"844","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2016-096268","volume":"50","author":"KM Crossley","year":"2016","unstructured":"Crossley KM, van Middelkoop M, Callaghan MJ, Collins NJ, Rathleff MS, Barton CJ. 2016 Patellofemoral pain consensus statement from the 4th international patellofemoral pain research retreat, manchester. part 2: recommended physical interventions (exercise, taping, bracing, foot orthoses and combined interventions). Br J Sports Med. 2016;50(14):844\u201352. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bjsports-2016-096268.","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"key":"488_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1515\/sjpain-2018-0025","volume":"18","author":"LR Maclachlan","year":"2018","unstructured":"Maclachlan LR, Matthews M, Hodges PW, Collins NJ, Vicenzino B. The psychological features of patellofemoral pain: a cross-sectional study. Scand J Pain. 2018;18:261\u201371. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/sjpain-2018-0025.","journal-title":"Scand J Pain"},{"key":"488_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ptsp.2018.06.006","volume":"33","author":"SL Coburn","year":"2018","unstructured":"Coburn SL, Barton CJ, Filbay SR, Hart HF, Rathleff MS, Crossley KM. Quality of life in individuals with patellofemoral pain: a systematic review including meta-analysis. Phys Ther Sport. 2018;33:96\u2013108. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ptsp.2018.06.006.","journal-title":"Phys Ther Sport"},{"key":"488_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.3109\/17453677208991251","volume":"43","author":"DT Reilly","year":"1972","unstructured":"Reilly DT, Martens M. Experimental analysis of the quadriceps muscle force and patello-femoral joint reaction force for various activities. Acta Orthop Scand. 1972;43:126\u201337. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3109\/17453677208991251.","journal-title":"Acta Orthop Scand"},{"key":"488_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"887","DOI":"10.4085\/1062-6050-0190.20","volume":"56","author":"KJ Sigmund","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sigmund KJ, Bement MKH, Earl-Boehm JE. Exploring the pain in patellofemoral pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis examining signs of central sensitization. J Athl Train. 2021;56:887\u2013901. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4085\/1062-6050-0190.20.","journal-title":"J Athl Train"},{"key":"488_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1186\/s13018-015-0265-x","volume":"10","author":"C Becher","year":"2015","unstructured":"Becher C, Schumacher T, Fleischer B, Ettinger M, Smith T, Ostermeier S. The effects of a dynamic patellar realignment brace on disease determinants for patellofemoral instability in the upright weight-bearing condition. J Orthop Surg Res. 2015;10:126. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13018-015-0265-x.","journal-title":"J Orthop Surg Res"},{"key":"488_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105458","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2021.105458","volume":"89","author":"MK Seeley","year":"2021","unstructured":"Seeley MK, Denning WM, Park J, Croft K, Horton WZ, Hopkins JT. Anterior knee pain independently alters landing and jumping biomechanics. Clin Biomech. 2021;89:105458. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2021.105458.","journal-title":"Clin Biomech"},{"key":"488_CR17","first-page":"E7","volume":"69","author":"C Roger","year":"2020","unstructured":"Roger C, Gouron R, Klein C. Chronic anterior knee pain. J Fam Pract. 2020;69:E7\u20139.","journal-title":"J Fam Pract"},{"key":"488_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2017-098890","volume":"53","author":"BS Neal","year":"2019","unstructured":"Neal BS, Lack SD, Lankhorst NE, Raye A, Morrissey D, van Middelkoop M. Risk factors for patellofemoral pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Sports Med. 2019;53:270\u201381. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bjsports-2017-098890.","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"key":"488_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.4085\/1062-6050-510-16","volume":"53","author":"JE Earl-Boehm","year":"2018","unstructured":"Earl-Boehm JE, Bolgla LA, Emory C, Hamstra-Wright KL, Tarima S, Ferber R. Treatment success of hip and core or knee strengthening for patellofemoral pain: development of clinical prediction rules. J Athl Train. 2018;53:545\u201352. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4085\/1062-6050-510-16.","journal-title":"J Athl Train"},{"key":"488_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1136\/jisakos-2015-000011","volume":"2","author":"EA Arendt","year":"2017","unstructured":"Arendt EA, Donell ST, Sillanp\u00e4\u00e4 PJ, Feller JA. The management of lateral patellar dislocation: state of the art. J ISAKOS. 2017;2:205\u201312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/jisakos-2015-000011.","journal-title":"J ISAKOS"},{"key":"488_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"746","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-017-4520-z","volume":"26","author":"M Paiva","year":"2018","unstructured":"Paiva M, Bl\u00f8nd L, H\u00f6lmich P, Steensen RN, Diederichs G, Feller JA, Barfod KW. Quality assessment of radiological measurements of trochlear dysplasia; a literature review. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2018;26:746\u201355. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00167-017-4520-z.","journal-title":"Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc"},{"key":"488_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1186\/s13244-019-0755-1","volume":"10","author":"Z Jibri","year":"2019","unstructured":"Jibri Z, Jamieson P, Rakhra KS, Sampaio ML, Dervin G. Patellar maltracking: an update on the diagnosis and treatment strategies. Insights Imaging. 2019;10:65. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13244-019-0755-1.","journal-title":"Insights Imaging"},{"key":"488_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1119","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546512438762","volume":"40","author":"G Seitlinger","year":"2012","unstructured":"Seitlinger G, Scheurecker G, H\u00f6gler R, Labey L, Innocenti B, Hofmann S. Tibial tubercle-posterior cruciate ligament distance: a new measurement to define the position of the tibial tubercle in patients with patellar dislocation. Am J Sports Med. 2012;40:1119\u201325. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0363546512438762.","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"key":"488_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2733","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-017-4716-2","volume":"26","author":"N Boutris","year":"2018","unstructured":"Boutris N, Delgado DA, Labis JS, McCulloch PC, Lintner DM, Harris JD. Current evidence advocates use of a new pathologic tibial tubercle-posterior cruciate ligament distance threshold in patients with patellar instability. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2018;26:2733\u201342. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00167-017-4716-2.","journal-title":"Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc"},{"key":"488_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"875","DOI":"10.1007\/s00256-014-1816-7","volume":"43","author":"M Samim","year":"2014","unstructured":"Samim M, Smitaman E, Lawrence D, Moukaddam H. MRI of anterior knee pain. Skeletal Radiol. 2014;43:875\u201393. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00256-014-1816-7.","journal-title":"Skeletal Radiol"},{"key":"488_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.142.2.7054818","volume":"142","author":"EP Nance Jr","year":"1982","unstructured":"Nance EP Jr, Kaye JJ. Injuries of the quadriceps mechanism. Radiology. 1982;142:301\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1148\/radiology.142.2.7054818.","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"issue":"9","key":"488_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3511","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-021-05634-6","volume":"40","author":"X Hou","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hou X, Yang G. Meta-analysis on the association between knee extensor strength and structural changes of knee osteoarthritis. Clin Rheumatol. 2021;40(9):3511\u201321. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10067-021-05634-6.","journal-title":"Clin Rheumatol"},{"key":"488_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1360","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.23773","volume":"71","author":"AG Culvenor","year":"2019","unstructured":"Culvenor AG, Segal NA, Guermazi A, Roemer F, Felson DT, Nevitt MC, Lewis CE, Stefanik JJ. Sex-specific influence of quadriceps weakness on worsening patellofemoral and tibiofemoral cartilage damage: a prospective cohort study. Arthritis Care Res. 2019;71:1360\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/acr.23773.","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res"},{"key":"488_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"728","DOI":"10.5455\/JPMA.28469","volume":"70","author":"R Begum","year":"2020","unstructured":"Begum R, Tassadaq N, Ahmad S, Qazi WA, Javed S, Murad S. Effects of McConnell taping combined with strengthening exercises of vastus medialis oblique in females with patellofemoral pain syndrome. J Pak Med Assoc. 2020;70:728\u201330. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5455\/JPMA.28469.","journal-title":"J Pak Med Assoc"},{"key":"488_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"965","DOI":"10.14260\/jemds\/2020\/208","volume":"9","author":"S Venkatapathy","year":"2020","unstructured":"Venkatapathy S, Bhargavan R. A study on the effect of isometric quadriceps activation and vastus medialis obliquus strengthening in decreasing Q-angle among young females. J Evolution Med Dent Sci. 2020;9:965\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14260\/jemds\/2020\/208.","journal-title":"J Evolution Med Dent Sci"},{"key":"488_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e9","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0037-1598047","volume":"3","author":"PYF Lee","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lee PYF, Nixion A, Chandratreya A, Murray JM. Synovial plica syndrome of the knee: a commonly overlooked cause of anterior knee pain. Surg J. 2017;3:e9\u201316. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-0037-1598047.","journal-title":"Surg J"},{"issue":"2","key":"488_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1097\/JSA.0000000000000108","volume":"24","author":"JA Grieshober","year":"2016","unstructured":"Grieshober JA, Stanton M, Gambardella R. Debridement of articular cartilage: the natural course. Sports Med Arthrosc Rev. 2016;24(2):56\u201362. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/JSA.0000000000000108.","journal-title":"Sports Med Arthrosc Rev"},{"key":"488_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1097\/JSA.0000000000000115","volume":"24","author":"T Welch","year":"2016","unstructured":"Welch T, Mandelbaum B, Tom M. Autologous chondrocyte implantation: past, present, and future. Sports Med Arthrosc Rev. 2016;24:85\u201391. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/JSA.0000000000000115.","journal-title":"Sports Med Arthrosc Rev"},{"issue":"3","key":"488_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1016\/j.csm.2017.02.008","volume":"36","author":"BB Hinckel","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hinckel BB, Gomoll AH. Autologous chondrocytes and next-generation matrix-based autologous chondrocyte implantation. Clin Sports Med. 2017;36(3):525\u201348. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.csm.2017.02.008.","journal-title":"Clin Sports Med"},{"key":"488_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1363","DOI":"10.1002\/art.40094","volume":"69","author":"LF Ambra","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ambra LF, de Girolamo L, Mosier B, Gomoll AH. Review: interventions for cartilage disease: current state-of-the-art and emerging technologies. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2017;69:1363\u201373. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/art.40094.","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol"},{"issue":"5","key":"488_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1177\/036354659001800508","volume":"18","author":"JP Fulkerson","year":"2016","unstructured":"Fulkerson JP, Becker GJ, Meaney JA, Miranda M, Folcik MA. Anteromedial tibial tubercle transfer without bone graft. Am J Sports Med. 2016;18(5):490\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/036354659001800508.","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"488_CR37","first-page":"3","volume":"64","author":"Y Masse","year":"1978","unstructured":"Masse Y. \u201cLa trochl\u00e9oplastie.\u201d Restauration de la groutti\u00e8re trochl\u00e9enne dans les subluxations et luxations de la rotule [Trochleoplasty. Restoration of the intercondylar groove in subluxations and dislocations of the patella]. Rev Chir Orthop Reparatrice Appar Mot. 1978;64(1):3\u201317.","journal-title":"Rev Chir Orthop Reparatrice Appar Mot"},{"issue":"1","key":"488_CR38","first-page":"45","volume":"76","author":"H Dejour","year":"1990","unstructured":"Dejour H, Walch G, Neyret P, Adeleine P. La dysplasie de la trochl\u00e9e f\u00e9morale [Dysplasia of the femoral trochlea]. Rev Chir Orthop Reparatrice Appar Mot. 1990;76(1):45\u201354.","journal-title":"Rev Chir Orthop Reparatrice Appar Mot"},{"key":"488_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"855","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-014-3388-4","volume":"24","author":"MJ Hall","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hall MJ, Mandalia VI. Tibial tubercle osteotomy for patello-femoral joint disorders. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2016;24:855\u201361. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00167-014-3388-4.","journal-title":"Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc"},{"key":"488_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"833","DOI":"10.1111\/os.12921","volume":"13","author":"W Lin","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lin W, Dai Y, Dong C, Piao K, Hao K, Wang F. Joint awareness after patellofemoral arthroplasty evaluated with the forgotten joint score: a comparison study. Orthop Surg. 2021;13:833\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/os.12921.","journal-title":"Orthop Surg"},{"key":"488_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2014-093445","volume":"48","author":"KM Crossley","year":"2014","unstructured":"Crossley KM. Is patellofemoral osteoarthritis a common sequela of patellofemoral pain? Br J Sports Med. 2014;48:409\u201310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bjsports-2014-093445.","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"key":"488_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"670","DOI":"10.1080\/17453674.2017.1368899","volume":"88","author":"G Moatshe","year":"2017","unstructured":"Moatshe G, Morris ER, Cinque ME, Pascual-Garrido C, Chahla J, Engebretsen L, Laprade RF. Biological treatment of the knee with platelet-rich plasma or bone marrow aspirate concentrates. Acta Orthop. 2017;88:670\u20134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/17453674.2017.1368899.","journal-title":"Acta Orthop"}],"container-title":["Sports Medicine - Open"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s40798-022-00488-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s40798-022-00488-x\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s40798-022-00488-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,30]],"date-time":"2022-07-30T19:03:27Z","timestamp":1659207807000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/sportsmedicine-open.springeropen.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s40798-022-00488-x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,30]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]}},"alternative-id":["488"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40798-022-00488-x","relation":{},"ISSN":["2199-1170","2198-9761"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2199-1170","type":"print"},{"value":"2198-9761","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,30]]},"assertion":[{"value":"7 May 2022","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 July 2022","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"30 July 2022","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics Approval and Consent to Participate"}},{"value":"Patients signed informed consent regarding publishing their data and photographs.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for Publication"}},{"value":"Riccardo D'Ambrosi, Amit Meena, Akshya Raj, Nicola Ursino, and Timothy Hewett declare that they have no conflicts of interest relevant to the content of this review.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"98"}}