{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T04:31:09Z","timestamp":1772166669370,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,5]],"date-time":"2024-11-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730764800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,5]],"date-time":"2024-11-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730764800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sports Med - Open"],"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n Background<\/jats:title>\n Research highlights the intense physiological demands of thoroughbred racing on jockeys, with elevated heart rates and substantial oxygen uptake, confirming the rigorous physical nature of the sport, however, the cardiovascular changes resulting from the physical demands of thoroughbred racing remain unexplored in Australian jockeys. Therefore, the objective of this study was to compare measures of cardiac structure and function of professional Australian jockeys to that of the general population and to determine if there are differences in heart structure and function detected using echocardiography.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n Forty-six jockeys and thirty-three participants from the general population underwent two-dimensional echocardiography, which included all standard views and measurements. Each measurement was compared between groups using a Mann-Whitney U test.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n Groups were matched for age (jockeys (35\u2009\u00b1\u200912 years) and controls (36\u2009\u00b1\u200913 years)). Jockeys were shorter (1.64\u2009\u00b1\u20090.07\u00a0m vs. 1.75\u2009\u00b1\u20090.09\u00a0m,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.001), lighter (56.5\u2009\u00b1\u20096.0\u00a0kg vs. 74.2\u2009\u00b1\u200912.9\u00a0kg,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.001) and had a lower body surface area (BSA) (1.55\u2009\u00b1\u20090.17\u00a0m\n 2<\/jats:sup>\n vs.1.9\u2009\u00b1\u20090.2\u00a0m\n 2<\/jats:sup>\n ,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.001). Jockeys had a larger absolute left ventricular (LV) end diastolic volume than the control group (120\u2009\u00b1\u200918.2\u00a0ml vs.\u00a0109.3\u2009\u00b1\u200929.0\u00a0ml,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.05) which had a larger variation when indexed for BSA (78.0\u2009\u00b1\u200912.2 ml\/m\n 2<\/jats:sup>\n vs. 57.5\u2009\u00b1\u200913.3 ml\/m\n 2<\/jats:sup>\n ,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.001). Jockeys demonstrated a higher LV mass index (79.4\u2009\u00b1\u200918.1\u00a0g\/m\n 2<\/jats:sup>\n vs. 64.2\u2009\u00b1\u200915.4\u00a0g\/m\n 2<\/jats:sup>\n ,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.001). Left atrial volume index was larger in jockeys (33.4\u2009\u00b1\u20096.5\u00a0mL\/m\n 2<\/jats:sup>\n vs. 26.3\u2009\u00b1\u20097.0\u00a0mL\/m\n 2<\/jats:sup>\n ,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.001). There were no differences in global longitudinal strain (GLS) for either group overall (-19.3\u2009\u00b1\u20093.0% vs. -19.8\u2009\u00b1\u20091.6%,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.52), but 17% of the jockey group demonstrated an abnormal GLS.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n Jockeys have adaptations to their cardiac structure and function compared to the general population. Differences could be attributed to chronic physiological demands of racing and should be considered in future research involving jockeys.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s40798-024-00783-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,5]],"date-time":"2024-11-05T09:05:36Z","timestamp":1730797536000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Cardiac Structure and Function of Elite Australian Jockeys Compared to the General Population: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0743-1615","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Angela","family":"Farley","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8541-9104","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hunter","family":"Bennett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2680-7473","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roger","family":"Eston","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3333-3317","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rebecca","family":"Perry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,5]]},"reference":[{"issue":"8","key":"783_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e044075","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2020-044075","volume":"11","author":"M Davies","year":"2021","unstructured":"Davies M, Jackson KA, Mackinnon AL, Turner A, Kuznik K, Hill J, et al. 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The study was approved by the University of South Australia Human Research Ethics Committee (project number: 204235). The study was also undertaken and performed in accordance and compliance with the standards of ethics outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki and the International Principles governing research with human beings [\n \n ].","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics Approval and Consent to Participate"}},{"value":"All participants provided written consent for the use of their images in any publications produced as a result of their participation in this project.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for Publication"}},{"value":"AF, HB, RE, and RP have no declarations of interest or conflicts of interest that are directly relevant to the content of this article and declare that they have no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing Interests"}}],"article-number":"119"}}