{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,18]],"date-time":"2026-07-18T06:22:38Z","timestamp":1784355758373,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,5]],"date-time":"2025-04-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743811200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,5]],"date-time":"2025-04-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743811200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sports Med - Open"],"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n Background<\/jats:title>\n Despite the great contribution of the cycling segment to the Sprint-Distance Triathlon (SDT) races, very few studies have reported the power output of elite triathletes during races. The aim of this study was to analyse the competitive demands of elite triathletes during the cycling segment of SDT races and their influence on the subsequent running segment performance, considering the different types of race courses.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n Power variables during the cycling segment as well as the running performance metrics during 82 SDT races organised by World Triathlon (68 Continental Cups and Championships, 12 World Cups, and 2 World Triathlon Series) were analysed in 10 male and 7 female U23 participants.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n The number of power peaks above 800\u00a0W and 1000\u00a0W for males was significantly greater (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.05) in the technical courses (23\u2009\u00b1\u200913 and 5\u2009\u00b1\u20096 peaks, respectively) compared to the rolling courses (10\u2009\u00b1\u20096 and 2\u2009\u00b1\u20092 peaks, respectively). Similarly, females presented more (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.05) power peaks above 500\u00a0W in the technical courses (24 \u00b1 9 peaks) than in the rolling courses (14\u2009\u00b1\u20097 peaks). Additionally, the percentage of race time in severe power bands increased from rolling to technical courses in both sexes (males 21\u2009\u00b1\u20091% to 24\u2009\u00b1\u20092% and females 12\u2009\u00b1\u20091% to 15\u2009\u00b1\u20091%, both\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.05). Males spent a greater percentage of race time in the moderate (<\u20092\u00a0W\u00b7kg\u207b\u00b9) and severe (>\u20096\u00a0W\u00b7kg\u207b\u00b9) power bands, but a lower percentage in the heavy (2\u20136\u00a0W\u00b7kg\u207b\u00b9) band compared to females (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.05). Time spent in the heavy (200\u2013400\u00a0W) and severe (>\u2009400\u00a0W) power bands showed a strong correlation with running rankings for males on both rolling (\n r<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.62) and technical (\n r<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.55) courses, as well as for females on rolling courses (\n r<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.52).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n An increased number of corners in SDT cycling courses requires more focused training on repeated power peaks and spending more time in the >\u20096\u00a0W\u00b7kg\u207b\u00b9 power bands to minimize performance losses in the subsequent running segment.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s40798-025-00828-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,5]],"date-time":"2025-04-05T10:47:12Z","timestamp":1743850032000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Competitive demands during international sprint-distance triathlon races according to the course type: The influence of cycling on subsequent running performance"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Ra\u00fal","family":"Espejo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jes\u00fas","family":"Mart\u00ednez-Sobrino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Santiago","family":"Veiga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"828_CR1","unstructured":"World Triathlon Competition Rules [Internet]. 2024. 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The study was conducted in accordance with the ethical standards described in the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its subsequent amendments. Written informed consent was then obtained from the triathletes.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics Approval and Consent to Participate"}},{"value":"Written informed consent was obtained from the triathletes.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for Publication"}},{"value":"The authors, Ra\u00fal Espejo, Jes\u00fas Mart\u00ednez-Sobrino and Santiago Veiga, declare that they have no conflicts of interest to disclose related to this research.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing Interests"}},{"value":"1\n \n Departamento de Deportes\n ,\n Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid\n ,\n Madrid\n ,\n Spain.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Author Information"}}],"article-number":"32"}}