{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,11]],"date-time":"2026-11-11T05:09:37Z","timestamp":1794373777316,"version":"4.9.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,22]],"date-time":"2025-08-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1755820800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,22]],"date-time":"2025-08-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1755820800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"NA","award":["NA"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NA"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sports Med - Open"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s40798-025-00900-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,22]],"date-time":"2025-08-22T15:38:13Z","timestamp":1755877093000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Understanding Injury Patterns and Predictors in Pickleball Players: A Nationwide Study of 1,758 Participants"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5984-9821","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Oluwatoyosi B.A.","family":"Owoeye","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ted","family":"Yemm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryan","family":"Blechle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mitchell","family":"Wayne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dawn","family":"Kennedy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wassim","family":"Mourad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katie","family":"Stamatakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Timothy","family":"Howell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"900_CR1","unstructured":"New APP Research Reveals Nearly 50 Million Adult Americans Have Played Pickleball. In The Last 12 Months; Average Age Drops To 35 [Internet]. [cited 2024 Dec 30]. Available from: https:\/\/www.theapp.global\/news\/nearly-50-million-adult-americans-have-played-pickleball?utm_source=chatgpt.com"},{"key":"900_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cerezuela J-L, Lirola M-J, Cangas AJ. Pickleball and mental health in adults: A systematic review. Front Psychol. 2023;14.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2023.1137047"},{"key":"900_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1123\/japa.2022-0194","volume":"31","author":"SC Webber","year":"2023","unstructured":"Webber SC, Anderson S, Biccum L, Jin S, Khawashki S, Tittlemier BJ. Physical activity intensity of singles and doubles pickleball in older adults. J Aging Phys Act. 2023;31:365\u201370.","journal-title":"J Aging Phys Act"},{"key":"900_CR4","first-page":"488","volume":"116","author":"N Greiner","year":"2019","unstructured":"Greiner N, Pickleball. Injury considerations in an increasingly popular sport. Mo Med. 2019;116:488\u201391.","journal-title":"Mo Med"},{"key":"900_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100403","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apunsm.2023.100403","volume":"58","author":"M Casals","year":"2023","unstructured":"Casals M, Jimenez S, Caparros T, Mart\u00ednez-Gallego R, Baiget E. Scoping review and quality of studies on the epidemiology of pickleball injuries. Apunts Sports Med. 2023;58:100403.","journal-title":"Apunts Sports Med"},{"key":"900_CR6","first-page":"74","volume":"1","author":"R Walton-Mouw","year":"2021","unstructured":"Walton-Mouw R, Lott McCall S, Polascik M, Powers R, Author C. Physical risk and benefits associated with pickleball in active aging adults. Interprofessional J Healthc Res. 2021;1:74\u201385.","journal-title":"Interprofessional J Healthc Res"},{"key":"900_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1080\/00913847.2021.1892467","volume":"50","author":"B Changstrom","year":"2022","unstructured":"Changstrom B, McBride A, Khodaee M. Epidemiology of racket and paddle sports-related injuries treated in the united States emergency departments, 2007\u20132016. Phys Sportsmed. 2022;50:197\u2013204.","journal-title":"Phys Sportsmed"},{"key":"900_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1186\/s40621-021-00327-9","volume":"8","author":"H Weiss","year":"2021","unstructured":"Weiss H, Dougherty J, DiMaggio C. Non-fatal senior pickleball and tennis-related injuries treated in united States emergency departments, 2010\u20132019. Inj Epidemiol. 2021;8:34.","journal-title":"Inj Epidemiol"},{"key":"900_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2019.09.016","volume":"58","author":"MB Forrester","year":"2020","unstructured":"Forrester MB. Pickleball-Related injuries treated in emergency departments. J Emerg Med. 2020;58:275\u20139.","journal-title":"J Emerg Med"},{"key":"900_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"966","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.2009.066936","volume":"43","author":"R Bahr","year":"2009","unstructured":"Bahr R. No injuries, but plenty of pain? On the methodology for recording overuse symptoms in sports. Br J Sports Med. 2009;43:966\u201372.","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"key":"900_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2013-093297","volume":"48","author":"B Clarsen","year":"2014","unstructured":"Clarsen B, Bahr R. Matching the choice of injury\/illness definition to study setting, purpose and design: one size does not fit all! Br J Sports Med. 2014;48:510\u20132.","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"key":"900_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Owoeye OBA, Ghali B, Befus K, Stilling C, Hogg A, Choi J et al. Epidemiology of all-complaint injuries in youth basketball. Scand J Med Sci Sports [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2021 Sep 3];30:2466\u201376. Available from: http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/32846028","DOI":"10.1111\/sms.13813"},{"key":"900_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Owoeye OBA, Wiley JP, Walker REA, Palacios-Derflingher L, Emery CA. Diagnostic accuracy of a self-report measure of patellar tendinopathy in youth basketball. Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy [Internet]. 2018 [cited 2019 Jan 1];48:758\u201366. Available from: http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/29703124","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.2018.8088"},{"key":"900_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Har\u00f8y J, Clarsen B, Thorborg K, H\u00f6lmich P, Bahr R, Andersen TE. Groin Problems in Male Soccer Players Are More Common Than Previously Reported. Am J Sports Med [Internet]. 2017;45:1304\u20138. Available from: http:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/0363546516687539","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546516687539"},{"key":"900_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1519\/SSC.0000000000000703","volume":"45","author":"SL Terrell","year":"2023","unstructured":"Terrell SL, Ficquette P. Exploring training strategies to optimize court performance in older pickleball athletes. Strength Cond J. 2023;45:1\u201312.","journal-title":"Strength Cond J"},{"key":"900_CR16","unstructured":"Dink. New Study Reveals 36.5 Million People Played Pickleball Last Year [Internet]. [cited 2024 Nov 21]. Available from: https:\/\/www.thedinkpickleball.com\/app-participation-report-2023\/"},{"key":"900_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsr.2021.06.008","volume":"78","author":"AM Black","year":"2021","unstructured":"Black AM, Meeuwisse DW, Eliason PH, Hagel BE, Emery CA. Sport participation and injury rates in high school students: A Canadian survey of 2029 adolescents. J Saf Res. 2021;78:314\u201321.","journal-title":"J Saf Res"},{"key":"900_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Owoeye OBA, Neme JR, Buchanan P, Esposito F, Breitbach AP. Absence of Injury Is Not Absence of Pain: Prevalence of Preseason Musculoskeletal Pain and Associated Factors in Collegiate Soccer and Basketball Student Athletes. Int J Environ Res Public Health [Internet]. 2022 [cited 2022 Aug 2];19. Available from: http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/35897492","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19159128"},{"key":"900_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ghattas YS, Zeblisky P, Cassinat J, Aceto M, Spindler KP, Cannada LK. Pickleball-Related Fractures in the United States From 2002 to 2022: An Analysis Using the NEISS Database. Orthop J Sports Med [Internet]. 2024 [cited 2024 Dec 30];12. Available from: https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38881851\/","DOI":"10.1177\/23259671241255674"},{"key":"900_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Azar FM, Lamplot JD, Bernholt DL, Spence DD. Pickleball: A standard review of injury prevalence and prevention in a rapidly growing sport. Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons; 2024.","DOI":"10.5435\/JAAOS-D-24-00151"},{"key":"900_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lin CY, Casey E, Herman DC, Katz N, Tenforde AS. Sex Differences in Common Sports Injuries. PM R [Internet]. 2018 [cited 2024 Dec 31];10:1073. Available from: https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC6138566\/","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmrj.2018.03.008"},{"key":"900_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Owoeye OBA, VanderWey MJ, Pike I. Reducing Injuries in Soccer (Football): an Umbrella Review of Best Evidence Across the Epidemiological Framework for Prevention. Sports Med Open [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2021 Feb 7];6:46. Available from: http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/32955626","DOI":"10.1186\/s40798-020-00274-7"},{"key":"900_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kallinen M, Markku A, Aging. Physical Activity and Sports Injuries: An Overview of Common Sports Injuries in the Elderly. Sports Medicine [Internet]. 1995 [cited 2025 Jan 23];20:41\u201352. Available from: https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.2165\/00007256-199520010-00004","DOI":"10.2165\/00007256-199520010-00004"},{"key":"900_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Taylor JB, Wright AA, Dischiavi SL, Townsend MA, Marmon AR. Activity Demands During Multi-Directional Team Sports: A Systematic Review. Sports Medicine 2017 47:12 [Internet]. 2017 [cited 2025 Jan 23];47:2533\u201351. Available from: https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s40279-017-0772-5","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-017-0772-5"},{"key":"900_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gabbett TJ. The training-injury prevention paradox: should athletes be training smarter and harder? Br J Sports Med. 2016.","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2015-095788"},{"key":"900_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Toomey CM, Whittaker JL, Richmond SA, Owoeye OB, Patton DA, Emery CA. Adiposity as a Risk Factor for Sport Injury in Youth: A Systematic Review. Clin J Sport Med [Internet]. 2022 [cited 2025 Jan 2];32:418\u201326. Available from: https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/33797475\/","DOI":"10.1097\/JSM.0000000000000927"}],"container-title":["Sports Medicine - Open"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s40798-025-00900-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s40798-025-00900-2\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s40798-025-00900-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,9]],"date-time":"2025-09-09T10:35:20Z","timestamp":1757414120000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/sportsmedicine-open.springeropen.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s40798-025-00900-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,22]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["900"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40798-025-00900-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["2198-9761"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2198-9761","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,22]]},"assertion":[{"value":"12 February 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"24 July 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 August 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for Publication"}},{"value":"All authors have no conflicts of interests that are directly relevant to the content of this article.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"The study protocol was reviewed and approved by the Saint Louis University Institutional Review Board before commencement (IRB #33859).","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics Approval"}},{"value":"All participants reviewed a recruitment statement detailing the purpose and procedures of the study before completing the anonymous SPIN survey.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent To Participate"}}],"article-number":"100"}}