{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T16:16:24Z","timestamp":1789748184858,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,10]],"date-time":"2024-10-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1728518400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,10]],"date-time":"2024-10-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1728518400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Central-guided Funding for Local Technological Development","award":["YDZX2023069"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["YDZX2023069"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007129","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["ZR2020QC177"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZR2020QC177"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007129","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory Open Fund","award":["SD2019BP102"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SD2019BP102"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Porc Health Manag"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) has significant productivity and economic impacts in swine herds. Accurately determining the PRRSV status at the herd level is crucial for producers and veterinarians to implement strategies to control and eliminate the virus from infected herds. This study collected oropharyngeal swabs (OSs), nasal swabs (NSs), oral fluid swabs (OFs), rectal swabs (RSs), and serum samples continuously from PRRSV challenged pigs under experimental conditions and growing pigs under field conditions. Additionally, OSs and serum samples were collected from individual sows from 50 large-scale breeding farms, and the collection of OSs does not require the sows to be restrained. Ct values of PRRSV were detected in all samples using real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>In PRRSV challenged pigs, OSs showed a higher PRRSV-positive rate until the end of the observation period. The Ct values of OSs were significantly lower than those of NSs, OFs, and RSs at 2, 8, 12, 14 and 20\u00a0days post-challenge (DPC) (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). For growing pigs, the positivity rate of PRRSV in OSs was higher than that in other sample types at 30, 70, and 110\u00a0days of age. In sows, 24,718 OSs and 6259 serum samples were collected, with PRRSV-positive rate in OSs (9.4%) being significantly higher than in serum (4.1%) (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). However, the Ct values of PRRSV RNA in serum were significantly lower than those in OSs (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The OSs sample type yielded higher PRRSV-positive rates for longer periods compared to NSs, RSs, OFs and serum samples for PRRSV detection in infected pigs. Therefore, OSs has a good potential to be a convenient, practical, and reliable sample type for implementing mass sampling and testing of PRRSV in large-scale pig farms.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s40813-024-00392-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,10]],"date-time":"2024-10-10T06:01:51Z","timestamp":1728540111000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Oropharyngeal swab sampling for PRRSV detection in large-scale pig farms: a convenient and reliable method for mass sampling"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Mingyu","family":"Fan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhiqiang","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lujie","family":"Bian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weisheng","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meng","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinglong","family":"wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Ren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lili","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaowen","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,10]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"392_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"610","DOI":"10.1002\/vms3.699","volume":"8","author":"MJ Contreras-Luna","year":"2022","unstructured":"Contreras-Luna MJ, Fragoso-Gonzalez G, Segura-Vel\u00e1zquez RA, Cervantes-Torres JB, Alonso-Morales R, Ram\u00edrez-Mart\u00ednez LA, et al. Immunogenic and antigenic analysis of recombinant NSP1 and NSP11 of PRRS virus. Vet Med Sci. 2022;8(2):610\u20138.","journal-title":"Vet Med Sci"},{"issue":"9","key":"392_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2601","DOI":"10.1007\/s00705-018-3847-1","volume":"163","author":"AMQ King","year":"2018","unstructured":"King AMQ, Lefkowitz EJ, Mushegian AR, Adams MJ, Dutilh BE, Gorbalenya AE, et al. Changes to taxonomy and the international code of virus classification and nomenclature ratified by the international committee on taxonomy of viruses (2018). Arch Virol. 2018;163(9):2601\u201331.","journal-title":"Arch Virol"},{"issue":"9","key":"392_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1071","DOI":"10.1292\/jvms.14-0480","volume":"77","author":"EO Olanratmanee","year":"2015","unstructured":"Olanratmanee EO, Wongyanin P, Thanawongnuwech R, Tummaruk P. 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