{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,30]],"date-time":"2026-08-30T02:49:18Z","timestamp":1788058158817,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,14]],"date-time":"2024-10-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1728864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,14]],"date-time":"2024-10-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1728864000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"MSD Animal Health"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Porc Health Manag"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The IgM protease (\n                    <jats:italic>Ide<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>\n                      <jats:italic>Ssuis<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:sub>\n                    gene; Gene ID 8153996) of\n                    <jats:italic>Streptococcus suis<\/jats:italic>\n                    is a putative virulence factor that has been shown to be a protective vaccine antigen for pigs\u00a0(Seele et al. Vaccine 33:2207\u201312, 2015). To assess its potential as a cross-protective antigen, the amino acid variability among prevalent clinical isolates in various regions and among various serotypes was investigated. Multi-sequence alignment of full-length amino acid sequences of\n                    <jats:italic>S. suis<\/jats:italic>\n                    IgM protease, available in the public domain (status Jan-2022) supplemented with in-house sequences, i.e. a total of 1999 sequences, revealed that the IgM protease of\n                    <jats:italic>S. suis<\/jats:italic>\n                    clusters into three main evolutionary distinct branches: groups A, B and C. Group A, 82% of the sequences in the database, was associated with clinical isolates of various serotypes. Group B, 6% of the strains in the database, was associated with clinical isolates mainly in the EU and mainly belonging to serotype (st) 9. Group C, 12% of the strains in the database, was largely associated with healthy carrier isolates, i.e. nose or tonsil isolates of various serotypes but in particular with st9 and un-typable strains. Within the groups A, B and C, high levels of amino acid identity were observed (&gt;\u200975%), whereas between groups A and B, the percentage amino acid identity was approximately 30% and between groups A and C approximately 55%. Experimental\n                    <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    expressed recombinant subunit vaccines based on the IgM protease group A sequence of st1 strain B10-99, st2 strain 10 or st7 strain 14009-1, induced serotype independent protection in pigs against challenge with all group A strains tested, i.e. strains of different parts of the phylogenetic tree and of different serotypes including st1, 2, 9 and 14. Protection was observed after vaccination of piglets at 3 and 5 weeks of age and subsequent challenge at 7 weeks but also after vaccination of gilts at 6 and 2 weeks before anticipated parturition and challenge of the offspring up to at least 8 weeks of age. No protection was observed against challenge with st9 strain SZ2000-6264 having group B IgM protease. A recombinant subunit vaccine based on the group B IgM protease sequence, also did not protect against challenge with the homologous group B st9 challenge strain. The results indicate that a vaccine based on a group A IgM protease induces protection against all\n                    <jats:italic>S. suis<\/jats:italic>\n                    strains that express the group A IgM protease. Depending on the geographical region such a vaccine is expected to protect against 60\u2013100% of the virulent\n                    <jats:italic>S. suis<\/jats:italic>\n                    strains. Since the novel proposed IgM protease classification is highly relevant, a PCR was developed and validated, to be able to classify clinical isolates into IgM protease groups A, B and C and predict the cross-protection that can be expected from a group A based IgM protease vaccine.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1186\/s40813-024-00398-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,14]],"date-time":"2024-10-14T07:02:06Z","timestamp":1728889326000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Serotype independent protection induced by a vaccine based on the IgM protease of Streptococcus suis and proposal for a new immunity-based classification system"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"A. A. C.","family":"Jacobs","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A. W. 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M.","family":"Segers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"398_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Danecek P, Bonfield JK, Liddle J, Marshall J, Ohan V, Pollard MO, Whitwham A, Keane T, McCarthy SA, Davies RM, Li H. (2021). Twelve years of SAMtools and BCFtools. GigaScience, 10(2), giab008. PMID: 33590861. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/gigascience\/giab008","DOI":"10.1093\/gigascience\/giab008"},{"issue":"20","key":"398_CR2","first-page":"2","volume":"99","author":"GD Deventer","year":"2022","unstructured":"Deventer GD. Varken. 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