{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T02:44:09Z","timestamp":1787021049300,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,31]],"date-time":"2024-12-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735603200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,31]],"date-time":"2024-12-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735603200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001584","name":"Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine, Ireland","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2020EN510"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020EN510"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001584","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Fundaci\u00f3n S\u00e9neca, Regi\u00f3n de Murcia"},{"name":"Margarita Salas postdoctoral contract by the Ministerio de Universidades of the Government of Spain, financed by the European Union\u2014NexGenerationEU"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Porc Health Manag"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Oral fluid contains analytes that may be reflective of health and welfare in pig herds. Additionally, oral fluid collection is a more convenient and cost-effective option when compared to blood sampling, increasing the potential of oral fluid as a non-invasive alternative tool. While a growing number of biomarkers can be measured in porcine oral fluid, the use of these analytes to compare commercial herds in veterinary practice is still limited. This study describes associations between oral fluid biomarker measurements and farm indicators of health and performance in 18 commercial farms.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Using principal component analysis, three clusters of farms were identified, differing mostly in weaner and finisher mortality, daily gain and antimicrobial resistance. These groups were then compared in terms of oral fluid biomarker profiles. With regards to farm group (cluster), haptoglobin was higher in pigs from low-performing farms, especially when compared with pigs from high-performing farms (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.01). Oxytocin tended to decrease in pigs from high-performing farms to low-performing farms (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.10), while procalcitonin tended to be lower in pigs from high-performing farms compared to intermediate-performing farms (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.07). Using regression trees, haptoglobin measured in late finishers was associated with weaner and finisher mortality. Further, high creatine kinase and low procalcitonin early after weaning were associated with low piglet mortality, whereas low daily gain was related to high alpha-amylase in late weaners and high creatine kinase in pigs at the start of the finisher stage.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Haptoglobin, procalcitonin, oxytocin, creatine kinase and alpha-amylase, measured in oral fluid, should be further studied as good candidates to assess pig herds and predict performance at a batch level, through a non-invasive approach. Herd performance and health figures at a particular time point are not always available and alternative measures, like oral fluid biomarker results, could be useful to anticipate health and welfare issues and adjust management.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s40813-024-00418-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,31]],"date-time":"2024-12-31T10:15:39Z","timestamp":1735640139000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Associations between health, productive performance and oral fluid biomarkers in commercial pig farms"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Mario Andre S.","family":"Ornelas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edgar Garcia","family":"Manzanilla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 J.","family":"Cer\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alba","family":"Ort\u00edn-Bustillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda Jos\u00e9","family":"L\u00f3pez-Mart\u00ednez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carla","family":"Correia-Gomes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Finola C.","family":"Leonard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lorena","family":"Franco-Mart\u00ednez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"418_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Prickett JR, Zimmerman JJ. The development of oral fluid-based diagnostics and applications in veterinary medicine. Animal health research reviews \/ Conference of Research Workers in Animal Diseases. 2010. pp. 207\u201316.","DOI":"10.1017\/S1466252310000010"},{"key":"418_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cer\u00f3n JJ, Contreras-Aguilar MD, Escribano D, Mart\u00ednez-Mir\u00f3 S, L\u00f3pez-Mart\u00ednez MJ, Ort\u00edn-Bustillo A, et al. Basics for the potential use of saliva to evaluate stress, inflammation, immune system, and redox homeostasis in pigs. BMC Vet Res. BioMed Central Ltd; 2022.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-022-03176-w"},{"key":"418_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zimmerman J, Bjustrom-Kraft J, Christopher-Hennings J, Daly R, Main R, Torrison J et al. The use of oral fluid diagnostics in swine medicine. Journal of Swine Health and Production. 2018. Available from: http:\/\/www.aasv.org\/shap.html","DOI":"10.54846\/jshap\/1091"},{"key":"418_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"XI","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1993.tb18357.x","volume":"694","author":"JC Atkinson","year":"1993","unstructured":"Atkinson JC, Dawes C, Ericson T, Fox PC, Gandara BK, Malamud D, et al. Guidelines for Saliva nomenclature and Collection. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1993;694:XI\u2013XII.","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"key":"418_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Henao-Diaz A, Gim\u00e9nez-Lirola L, Baum DH, Zimmerman J. Guidelines for oral fluid-based surveillance of viral pathogens in swine. Porcine Health Manag. BioMed Central Ltd; 2020.","DOI":"10.1186\/s40813-020-00168-w"},{"key":"418_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2004.10.026","volume":"150","author":"JKM Aps","year":"2005","unstructured":"Aps JKM, Martens LC, Review. The physiology of saliva and transfer of drugs into saliva. Forensic Sci Int. 2005;150:119\u201331.","journal-title":"Forensic Sci Int"},{"key":"418_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1177\/1040638715574768","volume":"27","author":"FR Grau","year":"2015","unstructured":"Grau FR, Schroeder ME, Mulhern EL, McIntosh MT, Bounpheng MA. Detection of African swine fever, classical swine fever, and foot-and-mouth disease viruses in swine oral fluids by multiplex reverse transcription real-time polymerase chain reaction. J Vet Diagn Invest. 2015;27:140\u20139.","journal-title":"J Vet Diagn Invest"},{"key":"418_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hernandez-Garcia J, Robben N, Magn\u00e9e D, Eley T, Dennis I, Kayes SM et al. The use of oral fluids to monitor key pathogens in porcine respiratory disease complex. Porcine Health Manag. 2017;3.","DOI":"10.1186\/s40813-017-0055-4"},{"key":"418_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Prickett J, Kim W, Simer R, Yoon K-J, Zimmerman J. Oral-fluid samples for surveillance of commercial growing pigs for porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus and porcine circovirus type 2 infections. Journal of Swine Health and Production. 2008;16:86\u201341. Available from: https:\/\/www.aasv.org\/shap\/issues\/v16n2\/v16n2p86.htm","DOI":"10.54846\/jshap\/565"},{"key":"418_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Atkinson BM, Bearson BL, Loving CL, Zimmerman JJ, Kich JD, Bearson SMD. Detection of Salmonella-specific antibody in swine oral fluids. Porcine Health Manag. 2019;5.","DOI":"10.1186\/s40813-019-0136-7"},{"key":"418_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cheng X, He F, Si M, Sun P, Chen Q. Effects of antibiotic use on saliva antibody content and oral microbiota in Sprague Dawley Rats. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2022;12.","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2022.721691"},{"key":"418_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2012.12.034","volume":"165","author":"L Mur","year":"2013","unstructured":"Mur L, Gallardo C, Soler A, Zimmermman J, Pelayo V, Nieto R, et al. Potential use of oral fluid samples for serological diagnosis of African swine fever. Vet Microbiol. 2013;165:135\u20139.","journal-title":"Vet Microbiol"},{"key":"418_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e39","DOI":"10.1111\/jvp.12413","volume":"40","author":"A Gajda","year":"2017","unstructured":"Gajda A, Jablonski A, Gbylik - Sikorska M, Posyniak A. Correlation between oral fluid and plasma oxytetracycline concentrations after intramuscular administration in pigs. J Vet Pharmacol Ther. 2017;40:e39\u201344.","journal-title":"J Vet Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"418_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gajda A, Nowacka-Kozak E, Gbylik-Sikorska M, Cybulski P. UHPLC-MS\/MS Analysis of Antibiotics Transfer and concentrations in porcine oral fluid after intramuscular application. Pharmaceuticals. 2022;15.","DOI":"10.3390\/ph15020225"},{"key":"418_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2885.2010.01259.x","volume":"34","author":"A Meiszberg","year":"2011","unstructured":"Meiszberg A, Karriker L, Zimmerman J, Irwin C, Coetzee J. Detection of ceftiofur and oxytetracycline in oral fluids of swine with a pen-side competitive ELISA test after intramuscular injection. J Vet Pharmacol Ther. 2011;34:515\u20137.","journal-title":"J Vet Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"418_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.2478\/jvetres-2021-0065","volume":"65","author":"M Giergiel","year":"2021","unstructured":"Giergiel M, Olejnik M, Jab\u0142o\u0144ski A, Posyniak A. The markers of stress in swine oral fluid. J Veterinary Res (Poland). 2021;65:487\u201395.","journal-title":"J Veterinary Res (Poland)"},{"key":"418_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lamy E, Mau M. Saliva proteomics as an emerging, non-invasive tool to study livestock physiology, nutrition and diseases. J Proteom. 2012; 75:4251\u20138.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jprot.2012.05.007"},{"key":"418_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ort\u00edn-Bustillo A, Escribano D, L\u00f3pez-Arjona M, Botia M, Fuentes P, Mart\u00ednez-Mir\u00f3 S et al. Changes in a Comprehensive Profile of Saliva Analytes in Fattening pigs during a complete productive cycle: a longitudinal study. Animals. 2022;12.","DOI":"10.3390\/ani12141865"},{"key":"418_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"L\u00f3pez-Mart\u00ednez MJ, Franco-Mart\u00ednez L, Mart\u00ednez-Subiela S, Cer\u00f3n JJ. Biomarkers of sepsis in pigs, horses and cattle: From acute phase proteins to procalcitonin. Anim Health Res Rev. Cambridge University Press; 2022. pp. 82\u201399.","DOI":"10.1017\/S1466252322000019"},{"key":"418_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1016\/0168-1591(91)90135-K","volume":"30","author":"D Fraser","year":"1991","unstructured":"Fraser D, Phillips PA, Thompson BK, Tennessen T. Effect of straw on the behaviour of growing pigs. Appl Anim Behav Sci. 1991;30:307\u201318.","journal-title":"Appl Anim Behav Sci"},{"key":"418_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1016\/0168-1591(95)00631-2","volume":"45","author":"V Petersen","year":"1995","unstructured":"Petersen V, Simonsen HB, Lawson LG. The effect of environmental stimulation on the development of behaviour in pigs. Appl Anim Behav Sci. 1995;45:215\u201324.","journal-title":"Appl Anim Behav Sci"},{"key":"418_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Arruda PHE, Gauger P. Optimizing sample selection, Collection, and submission to optimize Diagnostic Value. In: Zimmerman JJ, Karriker LA, Ramirez A, Schwartz KJ, Stevenson GW, Zhang J, editors. Diseases of swine. 11th ed. Wiley; 2019. pp. 98\u2013111.","DOI":"10.1002\/9781119350927.ch7"},{"key":"418_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1186\/s40813-018-0079-4","volume":"4","author":"GB Nielsen","year":"2018","unstructured":"Nielsen GB, Nielsen JP, Haugegaard J, Leth SC, Larsen LE, Kristensen CS, et al. Comparison of serum pools and oral fluid samples for detection of porcine circovirus type 2 by quantitative real-time PCR in finisher pigs. Porc Health Manag. 2018;4:2. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40813-018-0079-4.","journal-title":"Porc Health Manag"},{"key":"418_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2010.11.009","volume":"102","author":"E Merlot","year":"2011","unstructured":"Merlot E, Mounier AM, Prunier A. Endocrine response of gilts to various common stressors: a comparison of indicators and methods of analysis. Physiol Behav. 2011;102:259\u201365.","journal-title":"Physiol Behav"},{"key":"418_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2014.04.007","volume":"200","author":"D Escribano","year":"2014","unstructured":"Escribano D, Campos PHRF, Guti\u00e9rrez AM, Le Floc\u2019h N, Cer\u00f3n JJ, Merlot E. Effect of repeated administration of lipopolysaccharide on inflammatory and stress markers in saliva of growing pigs. Vet J. 2014;200:393\u20137.","journal-title":"Vet J"},{"key":"418_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sali V, Veit C, Valros A, Junnikkala S, Heinonen M, Nordgreen J. Dynamics of salivary adenosine deaminase, haptoglobin, and cortisol in lipopolysaccharide-challenged growing pigs. Front Vet Sci. 2021;8.","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2021.698628"},{"key":"418_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kittawornrat A, Engle M, Panyasing Y, Olsen C, Schwartz K, Rice A et al. Kinetics of the porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) humoral immune response in swine serum and oral fluids collected from individual boars. BMC Vet Res. 2013;9.","DOI":"10.1186\/1746-6148-9-61"},{"key":"418_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rubio CP, Mainau E, Cer\u00f3n JJ, Contreras-Aguilar MD, Mart\u00ednez-Subiela S, Navarro E et al. Biomarkers of oxidative stress in saliva in pigs: Analytical validation and changes in lactation. BMC Vet Res. 2019;15.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-019-1875-z"},{"key":"418_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ort\u00edn-Bustillo A, Bot\u00eda M, L\u00f3pez-Mart\u00ednez MJ, Mart\u00ednez-Subiela S, Cer\u00f3n JJ, Gonz\u00e1lez-Bulnes A et al. Changes in S100A8\/A9 and S100A12 and their comparison with other Analytes in the Saliva of pigs with Diarrhea due to E. Coli. Animals. 2023;13.","DOI":"10.3390\/ani13162556"},{"key":"418_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2013.06.014","volume":"198","author":"C Olsen","year":"2013","unstructured":"Olsen C, Karriker L, Wang C, Binjawadagi B, Renukaradhya G, Kittawornrat A, et al. Effect of collection material and sample processing on pig oral fluid testing results. Vet J. 2013;198:158\u201363.","journal-title":"Vet J"},{"key":"418_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2022.09.003","volume":"152","author":"L Franco-Mart\u00ednez","year":"2022","unstructured":"Franco-Mart\u00ednez L, Ort\u00edn-Bustillo A, Rubio CP, Escribano D, L\u00f3pez-Arjona M, Garc\u00eda-Manzanilla E, et al. Effects of Pen faeces and feed contamination in biomarkers determination in oral fluid of pigs. Res Vet Sci. 2022;152:403\u20139.","journal-title":"Res Vet Sci"},{"key":"418_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"L\u00f3pez-Mart\u00ednez MJ, Escribano D, Mart\u00ednez-Mir\u00f3 S, Ramis G, Manzanilla EG, Tecles F et al. Measurement of procalcitonin in saliva of pigs: a pilot study. BMC Vet Res. 2022;18.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-022-03240-5"},{"key":"418_CR33","unstructured":"Teagasc Profit Monitor (\u20acPM.). https:\/\/www.teagasc.ie\/rural-economy\/farm-management\/financial-analysis\/farm-profit-analysis\/. Accessed 28 Nov 2024."},{"key":"418_CR34","unstructured":"Biocheck.UGent\u2122. http:\/\/www.biocheckgent.com\/en. Accessed 28 Nov 2024."},{"key":"418_CR35","unstructured":"PigHealthCheck A. Health Ireland. https:\/\/animalhealthireland.ie\/programmes\/pig-healthcheck\/introduction\/. Accessed 28 Nov 2024."},{"key":"418_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rodrigues Da Costa M, Gasa J, Calder\u00f3n D\u00edaz JA, Postma M, Dewulf J, McCutcheon G et al. Using the Biocheck.UGentTM scoring tool in Irish farrow-to-finish pig farms: assessing biosecurity and its relation to productive performance. Porcine Health Manag. 2019;5.","DOI":"10.1186\/s40813-018-0113-6"},{"key":"418_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ornelas MAS, L\u00f3pez Mart\u00ednez MJ, Franco-Mart\u00ednez L, Cer\u00f3n JJ, Ort\u00edn-Bustillo A, Rubio CP et al. Analysing biomarkers in oral fluid from pigs: influence of collection strategy and age of the pig. Porcine Health Manag. 2023;9.","DOI":"10.1186\/s40813-023-00333-x"},{"key":"418_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Botia M, Escribano D, Tecles F, Mart\u00ednez-Subiela S, Cer\u00f3n JJ, L\u00f3pez-Arjona M. Changes in cortisol, cortisone and 11\u03b2-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type II activity in saliva during pregnancy and lactation in sows. Domest Anim Endocrinol. 2024;106875.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.domaniend.2024.106875"},{"key":"418_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"L\u00f3pez-Arjona M, Ko HL, Llonch P, Temple D, Cer\u00f3n JJ, Hales J et al. Salivary oxytocin changes and effect of the season in sows kept in different farrowing systems: farrowing crate and farrowing pen with temporary crating. Res Vet Sci. 2024;176.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2024.105347"},{"key":"418_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Contreras-Aguilar MD, L\u00f3pez-Arjona M, Mart\u00ednez-Mir\u00f3 S, Escribano D, Hern\u00e1ndez-Ruip\u00e9rez F, Cer\u00f3n JJ et al. Changes in saliva analytes during pregnancy, farrowing and lactation in sows: a sialochemistry approach. Vet J. 2021;273.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2021.105679"},{"key":"418_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"L\u00f3pez-Mart\u00ednez MJ, Ornelas MAS, Amarie RE, Manzanilla EG, Mart\u00ednez-Subiela S, Tecles F et al. Changes in salivary biomarkers of stress, inflammation, redox status, and muscle damage due to Streptococcus suis infection in pigs. BMC Vet Res. 2023;19.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-023-03650-z"},{"key":"418_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Imami AS, O\u2019donovan SM, Creeden JF, Wu X, Eby H, Mccullumsmith CB et al. Oxytocin\u2019s anti-inflammatory and proimmune functions in COVID-19: a transcriptomic signature-based approach. Physiol Genomics. 2020;52:401\u20137. Available from: http:\/\/www.ilincs.org\/ilincs\/","DOI":"10.1152\/physiolgenomics.00095.2020"},{"key":"418_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nishimura H, Yoshimura M, Shimizu M, Sanada K, Sonoda S, Nishimura K et al. Endogenous oxytocin exerts anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects in rats. Commun Biol. 2022;5.","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-022-03879-8"},{"key":"418_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mehdi SF, Pusapati S, Khenhrani RR, Farooqi MS, Sarwar S, Alnasarat A, et al. Oxytocin and related peptide hormones: candidate anti-inflammatory therapy in early stages of Sepsis. Front Immunol. Frontiers Media S.A.; 2022.","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.864007"},{"key":"418_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen Z, Laurentius T, Fait Y, M\u00fcller A, M\u00fcckter E, Bollheimer LC et al. Associations of serum CXCL12\u03b1 and CK levels with skeletal muscle Mass in older adults. J Clin Med. 2023;12.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12113800"},{"key":"418_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/0009-8981(71)90264-6","volume":"33","author":"HY Meltzer","year":"1971","unstructured":"Meltzer HY. Factors affecting serum creatine phosphokinase levels in the general population: the role of race, activity and age. Clin Chim Acta. 1971;33:165\u201372.","journal-title":"Clin Chim Acta"},{"key":"418_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2004.tb02606.x","volume":"18","author":"J Evans","year":"2004","unstructured":"Evans J, Levesque D, Shelton GD. Canine inflammatory myopathies: a clinicopathologic review of 200 cases. J Vet Intern Med. 2004;18:679\u201391.","journal-title":"J Vet Intern Med"},{"key":"418_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Deutsch O, Haviv Y, Krief G, Keshet N, Westreich R, Stemmer SM et al. Possible proteomic biomarkers for the detection of pancreatic cancer in oral fluids. Sci Rep. 2020;10.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-78922-x"},{"key":"418_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2019.08.004","volume":"126","author":"MD Contreras-Aguilar","year":"2019","unstructured":"Contreras-Aguilar MD, Escribano D, Mart\u00ednez-Mir\u00f3 S, L\u00f3pez-Arjona M, Rubio CP, Mart\u00ednez-Subiela S, et al. Application of a score for evaluation of pain, distress and discomfort in pigs with lameness and prolapses: correlation with saliva biomarkers and severity of the disease. Res Vet Sci. 2019;126:155\u201363.","journal-title":"Res Vet Sci"},{"key":"418_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bot\u00eda M, Escribano D, Ort\u00edn-Bustillo A, L\u00f3pez-Mart\u00ednez MJ, Fuentes P, Jim\u00e9nez-Caparr\u00f3s FJ et al. Comparison of the Effect of two different handling conditions at Slaughter in Saliva Analytes in pigs. Metabolites. 2024;14.","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo14040234"}],"container-title":["Porcine Health Management"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s40813-024-00418-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s40813-024-00418-1\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s40813-024-00418-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,31]],"date-time":"2024-12-31T10:20:35Z","timestamp":1735640435000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/porcinehealthmanagement.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s40813-024-00418-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,31]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["418"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40813-024-00418-1","relation":{},"ISSN":["2055-5660"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2055-5660","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,31]]},"assertion":[{"value":"25 September 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 December 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"31 December 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"All procedures carried out in this study were approved by the Teagasc Animal Ethics Committee (Refence 0123\u2013 368).","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"62"}}