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In the case of bronchopneumonia in pigs,\n                      <jats:italic>P. multocida<\/jats:italic>\n                      is generally regarded as an opportunistic pathogen following predisposing infectious agents. This study was initiated by an outbreak of bronchopneumonia in gilts associated with high mortality during lactation. Objectives of this study were to characterize the\n                      <jats:italic>P. multocida<\/jats:italic>\n                      isolate and systemic humoral immunity in gilts against this pathogen.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Bacteriological analyses revealed a high load of\n                      <jats:italic>P. multocida<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>Trueperella pyogenes<\/jats:italic>\n                      (\n                      <jats:italic>T. pyogenes<\/jats:italic>\n                      ) in the lungs of diseased gilts, whereas other infectious agents such as viruses or\n                      <jats:italic>Mycoplasma<\/jats:italic>\n                      species were not found. The\n                      <jats:italic>P. multocida<\/jats:italic>\n                      isolate belonged to serotype A, sequence type 3, lipopolysaccharide genotype L3 and carried virulence-associated genes such as ompA, hgbA, tonB, ptfA, nanB and nanH. The lung isolate proliferated in porcine blood drawn from piglets and gilts of a non-affected farm, but showed reduced survival in blood drawn from gilts of the affected breeding farm, whereas the strain proliferated in blood of 6- and 8-week-old piglets. Significantly higher levels of IgG binding to the\n                      <jats:italic>P. multocida<\/jats:italic>\n                      isolate were detected in gilts of the affected farm in comparison to gilts of the unaffected herd. Gilts of both farms showed elevated levels of serum IgM binding to the\n                      <jats:italic>P. multocida<\/jats:italic>\n                      isolate in comparison to weaning piglets. Specific degradation of IgM in serum of gilts resulted in increased survival of this strain in reconstituted blood.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The\n                      <jats:italic>P. multocida<\/jats:italic>\n                      serotype A isolate described in this manuscript is associated with severe bronchopneumonia in gilts as part of a mixed infection with\n                      <jats:italic>Trueperella pyogenes<\/jats:italic>\n                      , but without detection of predisposing viral or mycoplasmal infections. Our data suggests that affected gilts undergo a systemic immune response leading to increased specific IgG levels and bactericidal immunity. Furthermore, our in vitro results indicate that IgM plays an important role in mediating killing of this\n                      <jats:italic>P. multocida<\/jats:italic>\n                      strain in blood of gilts.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s40813-026-00510-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,11]],"date-time":"2026-04-11T05:55:08Z","timestamp":1775886908000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Characterization of a Pasteurella multocida type A strain associated with a severe bronchopneumonia outbreak in gilts"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Sophie","family":"K\u00e4hl","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helene","family":"Fenzl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Dembowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Regina","family":"Kr\u00f6ger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudia","family":"Hartig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carla","family":"Heddier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reiner","family":"Ulrich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johannes","family":"Kauffold","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christoph Georg","family":"Baums","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"510_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00024-13","volume":"26","author":"BA Wilson","year":"2013","unstructured":"Wilson BA, Ho M. 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Streptococcus suis cps7: an emerging virulent sequence type (ST29) shows a distinct, IgM-determined pattern of bacterial survival in blood of piglets during the early adaptive immune response after weaning. 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Collection of blood was approved by the \u201cLandesdirektion Sachsen\u201d (permit number A09\/19, file number 25-5131\/468\/11) and the Landesamt f\u00fcr Natur-, Umwelt- und Verbraucherschutz Nordrhein-Westfalen (81-02.04.40.2023.VG034), which includes review through the registered ethics committee of this institution.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"18"}}