{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]],"date-time":"2026-06-11T22:53:12Z","timestamp":1781218392952,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,16]],"date-time":"2021-03-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1615852800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,16]],"date-time":"2021-03-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1615852800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Medical Research Council, Wellcome Trust and United Kingdom\u2019s National Institutes for Health Research and Department for International Development","award":["MR\/R018464\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MR\/R018464\/1"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pilot Feasibility Stud"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Like many low- and middle-income countries, almost half of the proportion of the South African population is under the age of 25.\u00a0Given the\u00a0peak age of onset for most mental health problems is in\u00a0adolescence, it is vital that adolescents have access to mental health counselling. There are several initiatives to increase access to mental health counselling in South Africa, primarily through the integration of counselling for common mental disorders (CMD) into primary health care services, but adolescents (15\u201318 years of age) generally do not utilize these services. To address this gap, we will undertake a study to explore the feasibility of conducting a trial of the effectiveness of a community-based mental health counselling intervention for adolescents at-risk for a CMD.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The study is a feasibility trial of the ASPIRE intervention, a four-session blended multi-component counselling intervention adapted for South African adolescents at risk for depression and alcohol use disorders. We will enrol 100 adolescents from community settings and randomly assign them to the ASPIRE intervention or a comparison condition. Feasibility measures, such as rates of recruitment, consent to participate in the trial and retention, will be calculated. Qualitative interviews with participants and counsellors will explore the acceptability of the intervention. The primary outcomes for a subsequent trial would be reductions in symptoms of depression and days of heavy drinking which will be measured at baseline, 6 weeks, and 3 months post-randomization.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>This feasibility trial using a mixed-methods design will allow us to determine whether we can move forward to a larger effectiveness trial of the ASPIRE intervention.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Trial registration<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The trial is registered with the Pan African Clinical Trials Registry (PACTR20200352214510). Registered 28 February 2020\u2014retrospectively registered, <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/pactr.samrc.ac.za\/TrialDisplay.aspx?TrialID=9795\">https:\/\/pactr.samrc.ac.za\/TrialDisplay.aspx?TrialID=9795<\/jats:ext-link><\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s40814-021-00803-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,16]],"date-time":"2021-03-16T09:07:48Z","timestamp":1615885668000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Addressing the mental health needs of adolescents in South African communities: a protocol for a feasibility randomized controlled trial"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"7","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5517-1697","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"K.","family":"Sorsdahl","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"van der Westhuizen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Neuman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H. A.","family":"Weiss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B.","family":"Myers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,16]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"803_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjgh-2017-000539","volume":"3","author":"LD Cluver","year":"2018","unstructured":"Cluver LD, Meinck F, Steinert JI, Shenderovich Y, Doubt J, Herrero Romero R, et al. Parenting for Lifelong Health: a pragmatic cluster randomised controlled trial of a non-commercialised parenting programme for adolescents and their families in South Africa. BMJ Glob Health. 2018;3(1):e000539.","journal-title":"BMJ Glob Health."},{"issue":"07","key":"803_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1551","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291714002888","volume":"45","author":"HE Erskine","year":"2014","unstructured":"Erskine HE, Moffitt TE, Copeland WE, Costello EJ, Ferrari AJ, Patton G, et al. A heavy burden on young minds: the global burden of mental and substance use disorders in children and youth. Psychological Med. 2014;45(07):1551\u201363.","journal-title":"Psychological Med"},{"issue":"10036","key":"803_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2423","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)00579-1","volume":"387","author":"GC Patton","year":"2016","unstructured":"Patton GC, Sawyer SM, Santelli JS, Ross DA, Afifi R, Allen NB, et al. Our future: a Lancet commission on adolescent health and wellbeing. Lancet. 2016;387(10036):2423\u201378.","journal-title":"Lancet."},{"issue":"9801","key":"803_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1515","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(11)60827-1","volume":"378","author":"C Kieling","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kieling C, Baker-Henningham H, Belfer M, Conti G, Ertem I, Omigbodun O, et al. Child and adolescent mental health worldwide: evidence for action. Lancet. 2011;378(9801):1515\u201325.","journal-title":"Lancet."},{"issue":"11","key":"803_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"889","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-008-0399-9","volume":"43","author":"S Seedat","year":"2008","unstructured":"Seedat S, Stein DJ, Herman A, Kessler R, Sonnega J, Heeringa S, et al. Twelve-month treatment of psychiatric disorders in the South African Stress and Health Study (World Mental Health Survey Initiative). Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 2008;43(11):889\u201397.","journal-title":"Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol."},{"issue":"1","key":"803_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1186\/s13063-018-2568-9","volume":"19","author":"B Myers","year":"2018","unstructured":"Myers B, Lund C, Lombard C, Joska J, Levitt N, Butler C, et al. Comparing dedicated and designated models of integrating mental health into chronic disease care: study protocol for a cluster randomized controlled trial. Trials. 2018;19(1):185.","journal-title":"Trials."},{"key":"803_CR7","first-page":"73","volume":"15","author":"M Spedding","year":"2014","unstructured":"Spedding M, Stein DJ, Sorsdahl K. Task-shifting psychosocial interventions in public mental health: A review of the evidence in the South African context. South African Health Review. 2014;15:73\u201387.","journal-title":"South African Health Review"},{"key":"803_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1186\/s13011-015-0042-1","volume":"10","author":"K Sorsdahl","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sorsdahl K, Stein DJ, Corrigall J, Cuijpers P, Smits N, Naledi T, et al. The efficacy of a blended motivational interviewing and problem solving therapy intervention to reduce substance use among patients presenting for emergency services in South Africa: a randomized controlled trial. Subst Abuse Treat Prev Policy. 2015;10:46.","journal-title":"Subst Abuse Treat Prev Policy."},{"issue":"9569","key":"803_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1302","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)60368-7","volume":"369","author":"V Patel","year":"2007","unstructured":"Patel V, Flisher AJ, Hetrick S, McGorry P. Mental health of young people: a global public-health challenge. Lancet. 2007;369(9569):1302\u201313.","journal-title":"Lancet."},{"key":"803_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1186\/s13033-020-0339-y","volume":"14","author":"J Bantjes","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bantjes J, Saal W, Lochner C, Roos J, Auerbach RP, Mortier P, et al. Inequality and mental healthcare utilisation among first-year university students in South Africa. Int J Ment Health Syst. 2020;14:5.","journal-title":"Int J Ment Health Syst"},{"key":"803_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-244X-10-113","volume":"10","author":"A Gulliver","year":"2010","unstructured":"Gulliver A, Griffiths KM, Christensen H. Perceived barriers and facilitators to mental health help-seeking in young people: a systematic review. BMC Psychiatry. 2010;10:113.","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"803_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1097\/YCO.0b013e32816ebc8c","volume":"20","author":"RC Kessler","year":"2007","unstructured":"Kessler RC, Amminger GP, Aguilar-Gaxiola S, Alonso J, Lee S, Ustun TB. Age of onset of mental disorders: a review of recent literature. Current Opinion Psychiatry. 2007;20(4):359\u201364.","journal-title":"Current Opinion Psychiatry."},{"key":"803_CR13","unstructured":"Kessler RC, Angermeyer M, Anthony JC, R dG, Demyttenaere K, Gasquet I, et al. Lifetime prevalence and age-of-onset distributions of mental disorders in the World Health Organization's World Mental Health Survey Initiative. World Psychiatry 2007;6(3):168-176."},{"issue":"9926","key":"803_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1366","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)62633-1","volume":"383","author":"O Eyre","year":"2014","unstructured":"Eyre O, Thapar A. Common adolescent mental disorders: transition to adulthood. The Lancet. 2014;383(9926):1366\u20138.","journal-title":"The Lancet."},{"issue":"9590","key":"803_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"859","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)61238-0","volume":"370","author":"M Prince","year":"2007","unstructured":"Prince M, Patel V, Saxena S, Maj M, Maselko J, Phillips MR, et al. No health without mental health. Lancet. 2007;370(9590):859\u201377.","journal-title":"Lancet."},{"issue":"7","key":"803_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1054","DOI":"10.1007\/s11121-019-01015-3","volume":"20","author":"K Govender","year":"2019","unstructured":"Govender K, Cowden RG, Asante KO, George G, Reardon C. Sexual Risk Behavior: a Multi-System Model of Risk and Protective Factors in South African Adolescents. Prev Sci. 2019;20(7):1054\u201365.","journal-title":"Prev Sci."},{"key":"803_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Patel V, Saxena S, Lund C, Thornicroft G, Baingana F, Bolton P, et al. The Lancet Commission on global mental health and sustainable development. Lancet. 2018;392(10157):1553-98","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)31612-X"},{"key":"803_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2018.09.018","volume":"107","author":"J Huang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Huang J, Nigatu YT, Smail-Crevier R, Zhang X, Wang J. Interventions for common mental health problems among university and college students: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Psychiatric Research. 2018;107:1\u201310.","journal-title":"J Psychiatric Research."},{"key":"803_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Valero G, Zurita-Ortega F, Ubago-Jim\u00e9nez JL, Puertas-Molero P. Use of Meditation and Cognitive Behavioral Therapies for the Treatment of Stress, Depression and Anxiety in Students. A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2019;16(22).","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph16224394"},{"issue":"4","key":"803_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"770","DOI":"10.1111\/papt.12121","volume":"90","author":"L Tindall","year":"2017","unstructured":"Tindall L, Mikocka-Walus A, McMillan D, Wright B, Hewitt C, Gascoyne S. Is behavioural activation effective in the treatment of depression in young people? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Psychol Psychother. 2017;90(4):770\u201396.","journal-title":"Psychol Psychother."},{"issue":"1","key":"803_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1080\/15374416.2016.1220310","volume":"46","author":"VR Weersing","year":"2017","unstructured":"Weersing VR, Jeffreys M, Do MT, Schwartz KT, Bolano C. Evidence base update of psychosocial treatments for child and adolescent depression. J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol. 2017;46(1):11\u201343.","journal-title":"J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol."},{"issue":"1","key":"803_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291715001725","volume":"46","author":"EA Stockings","year":"2016","unstructured":"Stockings EA, Degenhardt L, Dobbins T, Lee YY, Erskine HE, Whiteford HA, et al. Preventing depression and anxiety in young people: a review of the joint efficacy of universal, selective and indicated prevention. Psychological Med. 2016;46(1):11\u201326.","journal-title":"Psychological Med"},{"key":"803_CR23","unstructured":"World Health Organization.\u00a0mhGAP Intervention Guide version 2.0. for mental, neurological and substance use disorders in non-specialized health care settings. Available at http:\/\/www.who.int\/mental_health\/mhgap\/mhGAP_intervention_guide_02\/en\/. Accessed 19 June 2017."},{"key":"803_CR24","volume-title":"Motivational Interviewing and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy: combining strategies for maximum effectiveness","author":"SSS Naar","year":"2017","unstructured":"Naar SSS. Motivational Interviewing and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy: combining strategies for maximum effectiveness. New York: Guilford Press; 2017."},{"issue":"5","key":"803_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1079","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291715002640","volume":"46","author":"J Ponsford","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ponsford J, Lee NK, Wong D, McKay A, Haines K, Alway Y, et al. Efficacy of motivational interviewing and cognitive behavioral therapy for anxiety and depression symptoms following traumatic brain injury. Psychol Med. 2016;46(5):1079\u201390.","journal-title":"Psychol Med."},{"issue":"3","key":"803_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1111\/add.12441","volume":"109","author":"H Riper","year":"2014","unstructured":"Riper H, Andersson G, Hunter SB, de Wit J, Berking M, Cuijpers P. Treatment of comorbid alcohol use disorders and depression with cognitive-behavioural therapy and motivational interviewing: a meta-analysis. Addiction. 2014;109(3):394\u2013406.","journal-title":"Addiction."},{"key":"803_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2014.09.001","volume":"51","author":"EE Tanner-Smith","year":"2015","unstructured":"Tanner-Smith EE, Lipsey MW. Brief alcohol interventions for adolescents and young adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Subst Abuse Treat. 2015;51:1\u201318.","journal-title":"J Subst Abuse Treat."},{"issue":"4","key":"803_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1080\/08897077.2019.1576090","volume":"40","author":"CA McCarty","year":"2019","unstructured":"McCarty CA, Gersh E, Katzman K, Lee CM, Sucato GS, Richardson LP. Screening and brief intervention with adolescents with risky alcohol use in school-based health centers: a randomized clinical trial of the Check Yourself tool. Subst Abus. 2019;40(4):510\u20138.","journal-title":"Subst Abus."},{"key":"803_CR29","unstructured":"Jacobs Y1, Myers B Y1,3, van der Westhuizen C2, Brooke-Sumner C1,2, Sorsdahl K2. Task sharing or task dumping: Counsellors experiences of delivering a psychosocial intervention for mental health problems in South Africa. Community Mental Health. Submitted."},{"issue":"6","key":"803_CR30","first-page":"506","volume":"38","author":"AW Chan","year":"2015","unstructured":"Chan AW, Tetzlaff JM, Altman DG, Laupacis A, Gotzsche PC, Krle AJK, et al. SPIRIT 2013 Statement: defining standard protocol items for clinical trials. Rev Panam Salud Publica. 2015;38(6):506\u201314.","journal-title":"Rev Panam Salud Publica."},{"key":"803_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.math.2016.03.004","volume":"24","author":"G Alvarez","year":"2016","unstructured":"Alvarez G, Cerritelli F, Urrutia G. Using the template for intervention description and replication (TIDieR) as a tool for improving the design and reporting of manual therapy interventions. Man Ther. 2016;24:85\u20139.","journal-title":"Man Ther."},{"key":"803_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1177\/0081246313516264","volume":"44","author":"A Pl\u00fcddemann","year":"2014","unstructured":"Pl\u00fcddemann A, Morojele N, Myers B, Townsend L, Lombard CJ, Petersen-Williams P, Carney T, Nel E. The prevalence of risk for mental health problems among high school students in the Western Cape Province, South Africa. South African J Psychol. 2014;44:30\u20135.","journal-title":"South African J Psychol"},{"key":"803_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2014.11.061","volume":"174","author":"E Stockings","year":"2015","unstructured":"Stockings E, Degenhardt L, Lee YY, Mihalopoulos C, Liu A, Hobbs M, et al. Symptom screening scales for detecting major depressive disorder in children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis of reliability, validity and diagnostic utility. J Affect Disord. 2015;174:447\u201363.","journal-title":"J Affect Disord."},{"issue":"4","key":"803_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1080\/1067828X.2015.1049395","volume":"25","author":"R Humeniuk","year":"2016","unstructured":"Humeniuk R, Holmwood C, Beshara M, Kambala A. ASSIST-Y V1.0: First-Stage Development of the WHO Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST) and Linked Brief Intervention for Young People. J Child Adolescent Substance Abuse. 2016;25(4):384\u201390.","journal-title":"J Child Adolescent Substance Abuse."},{"key":"803_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wechsberg WM, Jewkes R, Novak SP, Kline T, Myers B, Browne FA, et al. A brief intervention for drug use, sexual risk behaviours and violence prevention with vulnerable women in South Africa: a randomised trial of the Women's Health CoOp. BMJ Open. 2013;3(5).","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2013-002622"},{"key":"803_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1797","DOI":"10.2147\/PPA.S176356","volume":"12","author":"B Myers","year":"2018","unstructured":"Myers B, Joska JA, Lund C, Levitt NS, Butler CC, Naledi T, et al. Patient preferences for the integration of mental health counseling and chronic disease care in South Africa. Patient Prefer Adherence. 2018;12:1797\u2013803.","journal-title":"Patient Prefer Adherence."},{"issue":"1","key":"803_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2018-024277","volume":"9","author":"B Myers","year":"2019","unstructured":"Myers B, Petersen-Williams P, van der Westhuizen C, Lund C, Lombard C, Joska JA, et al. Community health worker-delivered counselling for common mental disorders among chronic disease patients in South Africa: a feasibility study. BMJ Open. 2019;9(1):e024277.","journal-title":"BMJ Open."},{"key":"803_CR38","volume-title":"Stress, appraisal, and coping","author":"R Lazarus","year":"1984","unstructured":"Lazarus R, Folkman S. Stress, appraisal, and coping. New York: Springer Publishing; 1984."},{"issue":"1","key":"803_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2013.09.011","volume":"39","author":"K Sorsdahl","year":"2014","unstructured":"Sorsdahl K, Stein DJ, Carrara H, Myers B. Problem solving styles among people who use alcohol and other drugs in South Africa. Addict Behav. 2014;39(1):122\u20136.","journal-title":"Addict Behav."},{"key":"803_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2015.03.009","volume":"69","author":"BA Kohrt","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kohrt BA, Jordans MJ, Rai S, Shrestha P, Luitel NP, Ramaiya MK, et al. Therapist competence in global mental health: Development of the ENhancing Assessment of Common Therapeutic factors (ENACT) rating scale. Behav Res Ther. 2015;69:11\u201321.","journal-title":"Behav Res Ther."},{"key":"803_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1186\/s40814-019-0423-8","volume":"5","author":"L Thabane","year":"2019","unstructured":"Thabane L, Lancaster G. A guide to the reporting of protocols of pilot and feasibility trials. Pilot Feasibility Stud. 2019;5:37.","journal-title":"Pilot Feasibility Stud."},{"key":"803_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sobell LC, Sobell, M.B. Timeline follow-Back. In: Litten RZ AJ, editor. Measuring alcohol consumption: ; 1992, Totowa: Humana Press; 1992. p. 41\u201372.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4612-0357-5_3"},{"issue":"1","key":"803_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-018-1774-z","volume":"18","author":"K Kilburn","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kilburn K, Prencipe L, Hjelm L, Peterman A, Handa S, Palermo T. Examination of performance of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale Short Form 10 among African youth in poor, rural households. BMC Psychiatry. 2018;18(1):201.","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry."},{"issue":"6","key":"803_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.3109\/01612840903484105","volume":"31","author":"KL Bradley","year":"2010","unstructured":"Bradley KL, Bagnell AL, Brannen CL. Factorial validity of the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression 10 in adolescents. Issues Ment Health Nurs. 2010;31(6):408\u201312.","journal-title":"Issues Ment Health Nurs."},{"issue":"1","key":"803_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-016-1178-x","volume":"17","author":"EC Baron","year":"2017","unstructured":"Baron EC, Davies T, Lund C. Validation of the 10-item Centre for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D-10) in Zulu, Xhosa and Afrikaans populations in South Africa. BMC Psychiatry. 2017;17(1):6.","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry."},{"issue":"3","key":"803_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"522","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327752jpa6403_10","volume":"64","author":"M Frauenknecht","year":"1995","unstructured":"Frauenknecht M, Black DR. Social Problem-Solving Inventory for Adolescents (SPSI-A): development and preliminary psychometric evaluation. J Pers Assess. 1995;64(3):522\u201339.","journal-title":"J Pers Assess."},{"key":"803_CR47","unstructured":"Mossman SA, Luft MJ, Schroeder HK, Varney ST, Fleck DE, Barzman DH, et al. The Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item scale in adolescents with generalized anxiety disorder: signal detection and validation. Ann Clin Psychiatry. 2017;29(4):227-34a."},{"key":"803_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2018.12.004","volume":"272","author":"K Tiirikainen","year":"2019","unstructured":"Tiirikainen K, Haravuori H, Ranta K, Kaltiala-Heino R, Marttunen M. Psychometric properties of the 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7) in a large representative sample of Finnish adolescents. Psychiatry Res. 2019;272:30\u20135.","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res."},{"key":"803_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1186\/1753-2000-8-14","volume":"8","author":"J Deighton","year":"2014","unstructured":"Deighton J, Croudace T, Fonagy P, Brown J, Patalay P, Wolpert M. Measuring mental health and wellbeing outcomes for children and adolescents to inform practice and policy: a review of child self-report measures. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health. 2014;8:14.","journal-title":"Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health."},{"issue":"3","key":"803_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1007\/s11414-013-9389-0","volume":"42","author":"K Duppong Hurley","year":"2015","unstructured":"Duppong Hurley K, Lambert MC, Epstein MH, Stevens A. Convergent validity of the strength-based behavioral and emotional rating scale with youth in a residential setting. J Behav Health Serv Res. 2015;42(3):346\u201354.","journal-title":"J Behav Health Serv Res."},{"issue":"4","key":"803_CR51","first-page":"543","volume":"6","author":"DLFR DuBois","year":"1996","unstructured":"DuBois DLFR, Brand S, Phillips RSC. Early adolescent self-esteem: a developmental\u2013ecological framework and assessment strategy. J Research Adolescence. 1996;6(4):543\u201379.","journal-title":"J Research Adolescence."},{"issue":"2","key":"803_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1177\/008124630503500203","volume":"35","author":"LGFA Wild","year":"2005","unstructured":"Wild LGFA, Bhana A, Lombard C. Psychometric properties of the self-esteem questionnaire for south african adolescents. South African J Psychol. 2005;35(2):195\u2013208.","journal-title":"South African J Psychol"},{"issue":"3-4","key":"803_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"610","DOI":"10.1080\/00223891.1990.9674095","volume":"55","author":"GD Zimet","year":"1990","unstructured":"Zimet GD, Powell SS, Farley GK, Werkman S, Berkoff KA. Psychometric characteristics of the multidimensional scale of perceived social support. J Pers Assess. 1990;55(3-4):610\u20137.","journal-title":"J Pers Assess."},{"issue":"3","key":"803_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1005109522457","volume":"28","author":"J Canty-Mitchell","year":"2000","unstructured":"Canty-Mitchell J, Zimet GD. Psychometric properties of the multidimensional scale of perceived social support in urban adolescents. Am J Community Psychol. 2000;28(3):391\u2013400.","journal-title":"Am J Community Psychol."},{"key":"803_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1186\/1745-6215-15-264","volume":"15","author":"MD Teare","year":"2014","unstructured":"Teare MD, Dimairo M, Shephard N, Hayman A, Whitehead A, Walters SJ. Sample size requirements to estimate key design parameters from external pilot randomised controlled trials: a simulation study. Trials. 2014;15:264.","journal-title":"Trials."},{"key":"803_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.4324\/9780203413081_chapter_9","volume-title":"Analyzing Qualitative Research","author":"J Ritchie","year":"1994","unstructured":"Ritchie J, Spencer L. Qualitative data analysis for applied policy research. In: Bryman A, Burgess RG, editors. Analyzing Qualitative Research. London: Routledge; 1994. p. 173\u201394."},{"issue":"6","key":"803_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1093\/intqhc\/mzm042","volume":"19","author":"A Tong","year":"2007","unstructured":"Tong A, Sainsbury P, Craig J. Consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research (COREQ): a 32-item checklist for interviews and focus groups. Int J Qual Health Care. 2007;19(6):349\u201357.","journal-title":"Int J Qual Health Care."},{"key":"803_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Posner K, Brown GK, Stanley B, Brent DA, Kseniya VY, Oquendo MA et al. The Columbia\u2013suicide severity rating scale: initial validity and internal consistency findings from three multisite studies with adolescents and adults. Am J Psych. 2011;168:1266\u201377.","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2011.10111704"},{"issue":"9","key":"803_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"982","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpp.12894","volume":"59","author":"MD Burkey","year":"2018","unstructured":"Burkey MD, Hosein M, Morton I, Purgato M, Adi A, Kurzrok M, et al. Psychosocial interventions for disruptive behaviour problems in children in low-and middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2018;59(9):982\u201393.","journal-title":"J Child Psychol Psychiatry."},{"issue":"4","key":"803_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.115.180265","volume":"210","author":"N Morina","year":"2017","unstructured":"Morina N, Malek M, Nickerson A, Bryant RA. Psychological interventions for post-traumatic stress disorder and depression in young survivors of mass violence in low-and middle-income countries: meta-analysis. Brit J Psychiatry. 2017;210(4):247\u201354.","journal-title":"Brit J Psychiatry."},{"issue":"4","key":"803_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e390","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(18)30046-9","volume":"6","author":"M Purgato","year":"2018","unstructured":"Purgato M, Gross AL, Betancourt T, Bolton P, Bonetto C, Gastaldon C, et al. Focused psychosocial interventions for children in low-resource humanitarian settings: a systematic review and individual participant data meta-analysis. Lancet Global health. 2018;6(4):e390\u2013400.","journal-title":"Lancet Global health."},{"issue":"5","key":"803_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(14)70357-8","volume":"1","author":"M Fazel","year":"2014","unstructured":"Fazel M, Patel V, Thomas S, Tol W. Mental health interventions in schools in low-income and middle-income countries. Lancet Psychiatry. 2014;1(5):388\u201398.","journal-title":"Lancet Psychiatry."},{"issue":"5","key":"803_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2012.11.005","volume":"44","author":"SG Mitchell","year":"2013","unstructured":"Mitchell SG, Gryczynski J, O'Grady KE, Schwartz RP. SBIRT for adolescent drug and alcohol use: current status and future directions. J Subst Abuse Treat. 2013;44(5):463\u201372.","journal-title":"J Subst Abuse Treat."},{"issue":"2","key":"803_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0211322","volume":"14","author":"JM Francis","year":"2019","unstructured":"Francis JM, Myers B, Nkosi S, Petersen Williams P, Carney T, Lombard C, et al. The prevalence of religiosity and association between religiosity and alcohol use, other drug use, and risky sexual behaviours among grade 8-10 learners in Western Cape, South Africa. PLoS One. 2019;14(2):e0211322.","journal-title":"PLoS One."},{"key":"803_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1186\/s13033-015-0013-y","volume":"9","author":"D Chibanda","year":"2015","unstructured":"Chibanda D, Bowers T, Verhey R, Rusakaniko S, Abas M, Weiss HA, et al. The Friendship Bench programme: a cluster randomised controlled trial of a brief psychological intervention for common mental disorders delivered by lay health workers in Zimbabwe. Int J Ment Health Syst. 2015;9:21.","journal-title":"Int J Ment Health Syst."},{"issue":"2","key":"803_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2016-013537","volume":"7","author":"KN Avery","year":"2017","unstructured":"Avery KN, Williamson PR, Gamble C, O'Connell Francischetto E, Metcalfe C, Davidson P, et al. Informing efficient randomised controlled trials: exploration of challenges in developing progression criteria for internal pilot studies. BMJ Open. 2017;7(2):e013537.","journal-title":"BMJ Open."},{"issue":"2","key":"803_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2007.07.011","volume":"42","author":"NL Rojas","year":"2008","unstructured":"Rojas NL, Sherrit L, Harris S, Knight JR. The role of parental consent in adolescent substance use research. J Adolesc Health. 2008;42(2):192\u20137.","journal-title":"J Adolesc Health."}],"container-title":["Pilot and Feasibility Studies"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s40814-021-00803-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s40814-021-00803-5\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s40814-021-00803-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,16]],"date-time":"2021-03-16T10:13:34Z","timestamp":1615889614000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pilotfeasibilitystudies.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s40814-021-00803-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,16]]},"references-count":67,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]}},"alternative-id":["803"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40814-021-00803-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["2055-5784"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2055-5784","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,16]]},"assertion":[{"value":"14 June 2020","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 February 2021","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 March 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The South African Medical Research Council (EC 012-8-2018), the University of Cape Town (276\/2018), and the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (17873) provided ethical approval for this study. The trial is registered with the Pan African Clinical Trials Registry (PACTR20200352214510). Informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to participating in the study.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"69"}}