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Some ELMs can be 3D-printed and are called bioinks, and their scaffolds are mostly hydrogel-based. One such scaffold is polymer Pluronic F127, a liquid at 4\u00a0\u00b0C but a biocompatible hydrogel at room temperature. In such thermally-reversible hydrogel, the microorganism-hydrogel interactions remain uncharacterized, making truly durable 3D-bioprinted ELMs elusive.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We demonstrate the methodology to assess cell-scaffold interactions by characterizing intact alive yeast cells in cross-linked F127-based hydrogels, using genetically encoded ratiometric biosensors to measure intracellular ATP and cytosolic pH at a single-cell level through confocal imaging.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>When embedded in hydrogel, cells were ATP-rich, in exponential or stationary phase, and assembled into microcolonies, which sometimes merged into larger superstructures. The hydrogels supported (micro)aerobic conditions and induced a nutrient gradient that limited microcolony size. External compounds could diffuse at least 2.7\u00a0mm into the hydrogels, although for optimal yeast growth bioprinted structures should be thinner than 0.6\u00a0mm. Moreover, the hydrogels could carry whole-cell copper biosensors, shielding them from contaminations and providing them with nutrients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>F127-based hydrogels are promising scaffolds for 3D-bioprinted ELMs, supporting a heterogeneous cell population primarily shaped by nutrient availability.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Graphical Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:fig orientation=\"portrait\" position=\"anchor\">\n                      <jats:graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" mime-subtype=\"PNG\" orientation=\"portrait\" position=\"anchor\" specific-use=\"HTML\" xlink:href=\"s40824-022-00337-8.fig.abs.png\"\/>\n                    <\/jats:fig>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s40824-022-00337-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,20]],"date-time":"2022-12-20T20:43:18Z","timestamp":1671568998000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Confocal imaging of biomarkers at a single-cell resolution: quantifying 'living' in 3D-printable engineered living material based on Pluronic F-127 and yeast\n                    <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.34133","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Bojan","family":"\u017dunar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de Biophysique Mol\u00e9culaire (CBM), CNRS, UPR 4301, University of Orl\u00e9ans and INSERM, 45071, Orl\u00e9ans, Cedex 2, France."},{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Laboratory for Biochemistry, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Taiga","family":"Ito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christine","family":"Mosrin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de Biophysique Mol\u00e9culaire (CBM), CNRS, UPR 4301, University of Orl\u00e9ans and INSERM, 45071, Orl\u00e9ans, Cedex 2, France."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoshiyuki","family":"Sugahara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H\u00e9l\u00e8ne","family":"B\u00e9n\u00e9detti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de Biophysique Mol\u00e9culaire (CBM), CNRS, UPR 4301, University of Orl\u00e9ans and INSERM, 45071, Orl\u00e9ans, Cedex 2, France."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R\u00e9gis","family":"Gu\u00e9gan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Center for Advanced Science and Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan."},{"name":"Institut des Sciences de la Terre d\u2019Orl\u00e9ans (ISTO), UMR 7327, CNRS-Universit\u00e9 d\u2019Orl\u00e9ans, 1A Rue de la F\u00e9rollerie, 45071, Orl\u00e9ans, Cedex 2, France."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5161-354X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"B\u00e9atrice","family":"Vall\u00e9e","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de Biophysique Mol\u00e9culaire (CBM), CNRS, UPR 4301, University of Orl\u00e9ans and INSERM, 45071, Orl\u00e9ans, Cedex 2, France."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"221","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_8_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41578-021-00350-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wangpraseurt D You S Sun Y Chen S. 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