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Commonly used treatment methods, such as endocrine and surgical therapies, display poor therapeutic effects with a high relapse probability. Thus, novel treatments for endometriosis are required.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In our study, polydopamine (PDA), letrozole (LTZ), and agarose (AG) hydrogels were combined to construct an injectable hydrogel with near-infrared controlled drug delivery named LTZ-PDA@AG hydrogel for endometriosis treatment. The release of letrozole can be accurately controlled by the near-infrared light intensity, exposure duration, polydopamine concentration, and hydrogel composition. Meanwhile, we isolated endometrial stromal cells from endometrium in patients with endometriosis, and constructed the rats\u2019 model of endometriosis to verify the biological effects of LTZ-PDA@AG hydrogel.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Owing to the sufficiently deep penetration of near-infrared light, the LTZ-PDA@AG hydrogel displayed a high temperature increase for efficient photothermal therapy. In addition, high local temperatures can further enhance the diffusion and penetration of letrozole, thereby achieving excellent therapeutic effect in vivo. Importantly, the in vivo and vitro test demonstrated the capacity of the nanocomposite hydrogel for endocrine-photothermal synergistic therapy and the biocompatibility.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our work proposes a novel concept for precision endometriosis therapy by photothermal-enhanced endocrine therapy for endometriosis, which is proposed for the first time for the treatment of endometriosis and demonstrates excellent potential for further clinical translation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Trial registration<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Not applicable.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Graphical Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>LTZ-PDA@AG hydrogels were synthesized and displayed a high temperature increase for efficient photothermal therapy under NIR. The present study shows the capacity of the nanocomposite hydrogel for endocrine-photothermal synergistic therapy and the biocompatibility.<\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:fig orientation=\"portrait\" position=\"anchor\">\n                      <jats:graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" mime-subtype=\"PNG\" orientation=\"portrait\" position=\"anchor\" specific-use=\"HTML\" xlink:href=\"s40824-023-00442-2.fig.abs.png\"\/>\n                    <\/jats:fig>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s40824-023-00442-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,7]],"date-time":"2023-10-07T10:01:42Z","timestamp":1696672902000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":47,"title":["Injectable hydrogel nanoarchitectonics with near-infrared controlled drug delivery for in situ photothermal\/endocrine synergistic endometriosis therapy"],"prefix":"10.34133","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Wei","family":"Tian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynecology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chenyu","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynecology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ran","family":"Chu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynecology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haiyan","family":"Ge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiao","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8027-6319","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mingjiang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynecology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"221","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_8_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009590.pub2"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2015.11.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2004.01.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2010.03.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2005.04.012"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00003495-199856060-00020"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2005.01.137"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2005.02.018"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_3_8_10_2","first-page":"361","article-title":"Development, physical characterization, micromeritics and in vitro release kinetics of letrozole loaded biodegradable nanoparticles","volume":"63","author":"Mondal N","year":"2008","unstructured":"Mondal N, Pal TK, Ghosal SK. 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