{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T23:19:06Z","timestamp":1792451946255,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,18]],"date-time":"2024-12-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1734480000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,18]],"date-time":"2024-12-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1734480000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Zoological Lett"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Species identification within the aphid genus <jats:italic>Pemphigus<\/jats:italic> Hartig, 1839 poses challenges due to morphological similarities and host-plant associations. Aphids of this genus generally exhibit complex life cycles involving primary hosts (poplars) and secondary (mostly unrelated herbaceous) host-plants, with some species relying solely on root-feeding generation. An example is a representative of the genus <jats:italic>Pemphigus<\/jats:italic>, trophically associated with grass roots, found in the High Arctic Svalbard archipelago. Historical records tentatively identify it as <jats:italic>Pemphigus groenlandicus<\/jats:italic> (R\u00fcbsaamen, 1898), although its formal classification remains elusive, due to limited material of freshly collected samples. Recent collections from 2007 to 2024 across various Svalbard sites, revealed its presence under stones in sheltered microhabitats, providing valuable specimens for comparative studies. Our molecular analyses indicate that the Svalbard specimens are not a separate species commonly identified as <jats:italic>P. groenlandicus<\/jats:italic>, nor an anholocyclic generation of <jats:italic>Pemphigus bursarius<\/jats:italic> (Linnaeus, 1758) or <jats:italic>P. borealis<\/jats:italic> Tullgren, 1909, but represent a secondary generation of <jats:italic>Pemphigus populiglobuli<\/jats:italic> Fitch, 1859, the Nearctic poplar bullet gall aphid. This suggests that they may have lost their primary host associations and adapted to living on grass roots year-round. Our specimens did not host any known facultative symbionts; however, we detected a strain of <jats:italic>Pseudomonas<\/jats:italic> Migula, 1894, closely related to a cold-tolerant bacterium abundant in polar regions. The present study also investigates the taxonomic relationships and morphometric characteristics of grass-feeding <jats:italic>Pemphigus<\/jats:italic> populations across the Arctic and an isolated locations on the European continent. Specimens from Svalbard were compared with samples from Greenland and Iceland, but identified no substantial morphometric differences among these geographically separated populations. Similarly, analyses of samples of <jats:italic>Pemphigus groenlandicus crassicornis<\/jats:italic> Hille Ris Lambers, 1952 from Sweden and Spain reveals a high morphometric similarity to the Arctic population, indicating a strong link between these traits and geographical variability. Despite the limitations in fresh material availability across locations, minor morphometric variations and shared ecological niches (all populations studied inhabiting grass roots, a unique trait within the <jats:italic>Pemphigus<\/jats:italic> genus) suggest treating both <jats:italic>P. groenlandicus<\/jats:italic> and its subspecies <jats:italic>crassicornis<\/jats:italic> as a junior synonym to <jats:italic>P. populiglobuli<\/jats:italic>. The study also demonstrates that the secondary generation of <jats:italic>P. populiglobuli<\/jats:italic> is a terrestrial microarthropod that overwinters in a postembryonic life-stage in situ in soil and vegetation under harsh Arctic conditions, and its cryptic life complicates its distribution mapping.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1186\/s40851-024-00245-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,18]],"date-time":"2024-12-18T18:12:07Z","timestamp":1734545527000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["The lost generation of Pemphigus populiglobuli (Hemiptera, Aphididae): exploring the taxonomy of the Svalbard aphids of genus Pemphigus"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8331-5731","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karina","family":"Wieczorek","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dominik","family":"Ch\u0142ond","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emmanuelle","family":"Jousselin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen J.","family":"Coulson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"245_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Coulson SJ, Convey P, Aakra K, Aarvik L, \u00c1vila-Jim\u00e9nez ML, Babenko A, Biersma E, Bostr\u00f6m S, Brittain JE, Carlsson AM, Christoffersen KS, De Smet WH, et al. The terrestrial and freshwater invertebrate biodiversity of the archipelagoes of the Barents Sea; Svalbard, Franz Josef Land and Novaya Zemlya. Soil Biol Biochem. 2014;68:440\u201370.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.soilbio.2013.10.006"},{"key":"245_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"718","DOI":"10.1007\/s13280-019-01162-5","volume":"49","author":"MAK Gillespie","year":"2020","unstructured":"Gillespie MAK, Alfredsson M, Barrio IC, Bowden JJ, Convey P, Culler LE, Coulson SJ, Krogh PH, Koltz AM, Koponen S, Loboda S, Marusik Y, Sandstr\u00f6m JP, Sikes DS, H\u00f8ye TT. Status and trends of Arctic terrestrial arthropod diversity of the North Atlantic region. 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