{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T21:20:48Z","timestamp":1790716848502,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"XMLink","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,15]],"date-time":"2021-11-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1636934400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,15]],"date-time":"2021-11-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1636934400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clin Hypertens"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Night-time BP, especially non-dipper, is a stronger predictor of adverse cardiovascular outcomes. Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) is a gold standard for the detection of non-dippers but it often is unavailable and expensive. This study aims to determine clinical risk factors that predict non-dipper.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>An exploratory traditional case-control study, exclusive sampling of control was conducted from January 2013 to September 2018 to explore clinical risk factors associated with non-dippers in hypertensive patients. Subgroup analysis was performed in each treated and untreated hypertensive patient. The parsimonious predictive score for non-dippers was constructed.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The study included 208 hypertensive patients receiving 24\u2009h ABPM. There were 104 dippers and 104 non-dippers. Significant clinical risk factors associated with non-dippers were the age of <jats:underline>&gt;<\/jats:underline>\u200965\u2009years, average office diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and fasting plasma glucose of <jats:underline>&gt;<\/jats:underline>\u20095.6\u2009mmol\/L. Results of subgroup analysis showed that dyslipidemia, history of coronary artery disease, use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) and direct vasodilators, average office DBP, and serum uric acid were associated with non-dippers in treated hypertensive patients, however, there were no risk factors associated with non-dippers in the untreated group. The predictive score for non-dippers in treated group included average office DBP, dyslipidemia, serum uric acid, male, calcium channel blockers and ACEIs use. The area under Receiver Operating Characteristic (AuROC) was 0.723. A cut-off point which was <jats:underline>&gt;<\/jats:underline>\u20090.0701 and prevalence of non-dippers of 46%, this score had a sensitivity of 77.4%, specificity of 65.6%, positive predictive value (PPV) of 66.1%, and negative predictive value (NPV) of 79.6%. For untreated group, age, hemoglobin and body mass index were included in the predictive model. AuROC was 0.74. There was a sensitivity of 51.9%, specificity of 91.2%, PPV of 82.4%, and NPV of 70.5% at the cut-off point of <jats:underline>&gt;<\/jats:underline>\u20090.357, and prevalence of 44%.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>There were several significant clinical risk factors associated with non-dippers in treated hypertensive patients. The predictive score might be useful for the detection of non-dippers; however, it cannot replace ABPM.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s40885-021-00180-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,15]],"date-time":"2021-11-15T02:02:33Z","timestamp":1636941753000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Clinical risk factors and predictive score for the non-dipper profile in hypertensive patients: a case-control study"],"prefix":"10.5646","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2761-6310","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chavalit","family":"Chotruangnapa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9269-3021","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Titima","family":"Tansakun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0507-6832","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Weranuj","family":"Roubsanthisuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"18617","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,15]]},"reference":[{"issue":"10159","key":"180_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1923","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)32225-6","volume":"392","author":"G Stanaway","year":"2018","unstructured":"Stanaway G, Afshin A, Gakidou E, et al. 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