{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T10:07:47Z","timestamp":1784801267317,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784764800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784764800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100020951","name":"Fonds de recherche du Qu\u00e9bec","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100020951","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100018911","name":"University Hospital Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100018911","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000008","name":"Health Canada","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000008","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008207","name":"AstraZeneca Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008207","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Organ Donation and Transplantation Research Foundation of British Columbia"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Res Involv Engagem"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The COVID-19 pandemic significantly impacted immunocompromised individuals, particularly transplant recipients. Despite their vulnerability, national- and international-level research often lacks direct input from this community. In response, the Canadian Donation and Transplantation Research Program (CDTRP) implemented an integrated knowledge translation (iKT) strategy that involved patient, family, and donor (PFD) partners as co-leads and decision makers throughout the research process.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Beginning in 2022, CDTRP adapted a co-engagement model to identify research priorities and inform study design, conduct, and knowledge mobilization related to COVID-19 issues for transplant recipients. Diverse stakeholders, including researchers, clinicians, policymakers, trainees, transplant-focused organizations, and PFD partners, collectively co-developed the TREAT-COVID research project. In 2022\u20132023 CDTRP hosted a series of four national forums that were co-designed and co-facilitated by PFD co-leads, enabling shared decision making and iterative refinement of research priorities and strategies. This paper provides an overview of the iKT strategy implemented, including objectives, engagement processes, outputs, resulting study adaptations, and lessons learned.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Each forum generated new insights and actionable changes. Forum 1 identified research priorities, including clinical therapeutics, psychosocial needs, quality of life, economic burden, and recovery-related supports. Forum 2 emphasized mental health and support for transplant recipients and their caregivers. Forum 3 identified the distinct but complementary priorities of transplant recipients and their caregivers, such as clinical care and mental wellness, respectively. Forum 4 addressed barriers to recruiting study participants and refined communication strategies. These forums collectively shaped the TREAT-COVID research project by informing study priorities, data collection tools, recruitment strategies, and knowledge mobilization.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This paper details the iKT strategy implemented by the CDTRP to engage diverse stakeholders in COVID-19-related research for transplant communities. Meaningful and structured patient and family involvement in national health research during a public health emergency was prioritized. By involving patient and family partners in governance, facilitation, study refinement, recruitment, and dissemination, CDTRP advanced a collaborative and equity-driven iKT model. The paper contributes an operational example of national-scale patient and family co-leadership in time-sensitive research.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s40900-026-00941-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T09:56:30Z","timestamp":1784800590000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Co-design in action: lessons learned from transplant patient and family engagement in an integrated knowledge translation strategy during the COVID-19 pandemic"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Margherita","family":"Cameranesi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sherrie","family":"Logan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rienk","family":"de Vries","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manuel","family":"Escoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marie-Jos\u00e9e","family":"H\u00e9bert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dima","family":"Kabbani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caroline","family":"Piotrowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lori","family":"West","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patricia","family":"Gongal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"for the Canadian Donation and Transplantation Research Program","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"St\u00e9phanie","family":"Larivi\u00e8re","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Demitra","family":"Yotis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katie","family":"Bain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erika","family":"Kathe Croft","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diana","family":"Tertzakian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manoela","family":"de Paula Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julie","family":"Turgeon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]]},"reference":[{"issue":"13","key":"941_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1414","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.21.02419","volume":"40","author":"Q Song","year":"2022","unstructured":"Song Q, Bates B, Shao YR, Hsu FC, Liu F, Madhira V, et al. Risk and Outcome of Breakthrough COVID-19 Infections in Vaccinated Patients With Cancer: Real-World Evidence From the National COVID Cohort Collaborative. JCO. 2022;40(13):1414\u201327. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1200\/JCO.21.02419.","journal-title":"JCO"},{"key":"941_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100461","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lana.2023.100461","volume":"20","author":"T Bahremand","year":"2023","unstructured":"Bahremand T, Yao JA, Mill C, Piszczek J, Grant JM, Smolina K. COVID-19 hospitalisations in immunocompromised individuals in the Omicron era: a population-based observational study using surveillance data in British Columbia, Canada. Lancet Reg Health Am. 2023;20:100461. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.lana.2023.100461. PubMed PMID: 36890850; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC9987330.","journal-title":"Lancet Reg Health Am"},{"key":"941_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100747","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lanepe.2023.100747","volume":"35","author":"RA Evans","year":"2023","unstructured":"Evans RA, Dube S, Lu Y, Yates M, Arnetorp S, Barnes E, et al. Impact of COVID-19 on immunocompromised populations during the Omicron era: insights from the observational population-based INFORM study. Lancet Reg Health - Europe. 2023;35:100747. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.lanepe.2023.100747.","journal-title":"Lancet Reg Health - Europe"},{"issue":"7","key":"941_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1670","DOI":"10.1097\/TXD.0000000000001670","volume":"10","author":"KL Naylor","year":"2024","unstructured":"Naylor KL, Knoll GA, Treleaven D, Kang Y, Garg AX, Stirling K, et al. Comparison of COVID-19 Hospitalization and Death Between Solid Organ Transplant Recipients and the General Population in Canada, 2020\u20132022. Transplantation Direct. 2024;10(7):e1670. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/TXD.0000000000001670.","journal-title":"Transplantation Direct"},{"key":"941_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kabbani D, Yotis DM, Ferreira VH, Shalhoub S, Belga S, Tyagi V, et al. Immunogenicity, safety, and breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 infections after COVID-19 vaccination in organ transplant recipients: a prospective multicenter Canadian study. Open Forum Infect Dis. 2023;ofad200. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ofid\/ofad200.","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofad200"},{"key":"941_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1080106","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2022.1080106","volume":"13","author":"G Heesen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Heesen G, Heinemann S, M\u00fcller F, Dopfer-Jablonka A, Mikuteit M, Niewolik J, et al. Social participation and mental health of immunocompromised individuals before and after COVID-19 vaccination-Results of a longitudinal observational study over three time points. Front Psychiatry. 2022;13:1080106. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyt.2022.1080106. PubMed PMID: 36590634; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC9795223.","journal-title":"Front Psychiatry"},{"issue":"5","key":"941_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e14823","DOI":"10.1111\/petr.14823","volume":"28","author":"CC Piotrowski","year":"2024","unstructured":"Piotrowski CC, Strong J, Giesbrecht A, Goldberg A, Kudar K, Pappas K, et al. Coping With COVID-19: Perspectives of Caregivers of Children and Young People With Chronic Kidney Disease. Pediatr Transpl. 2024;28(5):e14823. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/petr.14823. PubMed PMID: 39030950.","journal-title":"Pediatr Transpl"},{"issue":"12","key":"941_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e068347","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2022-068347","volume":"13","author":"D Fox","year":"2023","unstructured":"Fox D, Hall M, Thibodeau C, Coldwell K, Lauder L, Dewell S, et al. Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Canadian transplant journeys: a mixed methods study. BMJ Open. 2023;13(12):e068347. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2022-068347.","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"4","key":"941_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e14491","DOI":"10.1111\/petr.14491","volume":"27","author":"C Piotrowski","year":"2023","unstructured":"Piotrowski C, Graham A, Gold A, Wray J, Bannister L, Wichart J, et al. An international survey of allied health & nursing professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic: Perspectives on facilitators of & barriers to care. Pediatr Transpl. 2023;27(4):e14491. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/petr.14491. PubMed PMID: 36823720.","journal-title":"Pediatr Transpl"},{"key":"941_CR10","unstructured":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research. Guide to Knowledge Translation Planning at CIHR: Integrated and End-of-Grant Approaches. 2012."},{"key":"941_CR11","unstructured":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada. Guidelines for effective knowledge mobilization [Internet]. 2023 [cited 2026 Mar 9]. Available from: https:\/\/sshrc-crsh.canada.ca\/en\/funding\/policies-regulations-and-guidelines\/guidelines-effective-knowledge-mobilization.aspx."},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"941_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj","volume":"181","author":"SE Straus","year":"2009","unstructured":"Straus SE, Tetroe J, Graham I. Defining knowledge translation. CMAJ. 2009;181(3\u20134):165\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1503\/cmaj.081229. PubMed PMID: 19620273; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC2717660.","journal-title":"CMAJ"},{"key":"941_CR13","unstructured":"Salsberg J. Integrated knowledge translation and participatory research. In: Graham I, Tetroe J, Pearson A, editors. Turning knowledge into action: Practical guidance on how to do integrated knowledge translation research. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2014."},{"key":"941_CR14","unstructured":"Graham ID, Tetroe J, Pearson A, editors. Turning knowledge into action: practical guidance on how to do integrated knowledge translation research. 1st edition. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2014."},{"issue":"5","key":"941_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.15171\/ijhpm.2017.15","volume":"6","author":"A Kothari","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kothari A, McCutcheon C, Graham ID. Defining Integrated Knowledge Translation and Moving Forward: A Response to Recent Commentaries. Int J Health Policy Manag. 2017;6(5):299\u2013300. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15171\/ijhpm.2017.15. PubMed PMID: 28812820; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC5417154.","journal-title":"Int J Health Policy Manag"},{"issue":"2","key":"941_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healthpol.2012","volume":"109","author":"A Kothari","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kothari A, Wathen CN. A critical second look at integrated knowledge translation. Health Policy. 2013;109(2):187\u201391. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.healthpol.2012. 11.004 PubMed PMID: 23228520.","journal-title":"Health Policy"},{"issue":"3","key":"941_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.1097\/TP.0000000000001138","volume":"100","author":"MJ H\u00e9bert","year":"2016","unstructured":"H\u00e9bert MJ, Hartell D, West L. Transdisciplinary tour-de-force: The Canadian National Transplant Research Program. Transplantation. 2016;100(3):466\u201370. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/TP.0000000000001138.","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"key":"941_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ferreira VH, Ierullo M, Mavandadnejad F, Kurtesi A, Hu Q, Hardy WR, et al. Omicron BA.4\/5 neutralization and T-cell responses in organ transplant recipients after booster messenger RNA vaccine: a multicenter cohort study. Clin Infect Dis. 2023;ciad175. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/cid\/ciad175.","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciad175"},{"issue":"5","key":"941_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajt.2024.11.033","volume":"25","author":"G Azarfar","year":"2025","unstructured":"Azarfar G, Sun Y, Pasini E, Sidhu A, Brudno M, Humar A, et al. Using machine learning for personalized prediction of longitudinal coronavirus disease 2019 vaccine responses in transplant recipients. Am J Transplant. 2025;25(5):1107\u201316. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajt.2024.11.033.","journal-title":"Am J Transplant"},{"issue":"11","key":"941_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"706","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtct.2023.08.008","volume":"29","author":"A Mittal","year":"2023","unstructured":"Mittal A, Solera JT, Ferreira VH, Kothari S, Kimura M, Pasic I, et al. Immunogenicity and Safety of Booster SARS-CoV-2 mRNA Vaccine Dose in Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Recipients. Transplantation Cell Therapy. 2023;29(11):706. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jtct.2023.08.008.","journal-title":"Transplantation Cell Therapy"},{"issue":"2","key":"941_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajt.2022.10.004","volume":"23","author":"VH Ferreira","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ferreira VH, Hu Q, Kurtesi A, Solera JT, Ierullo M, Gingras AC, et al. Impact of Omicron BA.1 infection on BA.4\/5 immunity in transplant recipients. Am J Transplant. 2023;23(2):278\u201383. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajt.2022.10.004.","journal-title":"Am J Transplant"},{"issue":"10","key":"941_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"706","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtct.2022.07.024","volume":"28","author":"M Kimura","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kimura M, Ferreira VH, Kothari S, Pasic I, Mattsson JI, Kulasingam V, et al. Safety and Immunogenicity After a Three-Dose SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Schedule in Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplant Recipients. Transplantation Cell Therapy. 2022;28(10):706. e1-706.e10.","journal-title":"Transplantation Cell Therapy"},{"issue":"12","key":"941_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3980","DOI":"10.1111\/ajt.16766","volume":"21","author":"VG Hall","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hall VG, Ferreira VH, Ierullo M, Ku T, Marinelli T, Majchrzak-Kita B, et al. Humoral and cellular immune response and safety of two-dose SARS-CoV-2 mRNA-1273 vaccine in solid organ transplant recipients. Am J Transplant. 2021;21(12):3980\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ajt.16766.","journal-title":"Am J Transplant"},{"issue":"11","key":"941_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1849","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiab542","volume":"224","author":"VH Ferreira","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ferreira VH, Marinelli T, Ierullo M, Ku T, Hall VG, Majchrzak-Kita B, et al. Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection Induces Greater T-Cell Responses Compared to Vaccination in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients. J Infect Dis. 2021;224(11):1849\u201360. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/infdis\/jiab542.","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"11","key":"941_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2336","DOI":"10.1080\/10410236.2022.2069211","volume":"38","author":"JL Ford","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ford JL, Douglas M, Barrett AK. The Role of Pandemic Fatigue in Seeking and Avoiding Information on COVID-19 Among Young Adults. Health Commun. 2023;38(11):2336\u201349. 2022.2069211 PubMed PMID: 35514105.","journal-title":"Health Commun"}],"container-title":["Research Involvement and Engagement"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s40900-026-00941-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s40900-026-00941-1","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s40900-026-00941-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T09:56:33Z","timestamp":1784800593000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1186\/s40900-026-00941-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["941"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40900-026-00941-1","relation":{},"ISSN":["2056-7529"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2056-7529","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]]},"assertion":[{"value":"6 March 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"10 July 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 July 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The work in this manuscript received Research Ethics Board approval from the University of Alberta (Pro00131530). The Board is organized and operates in compliance with the TCPS2 (2014) Tri-Council Policy Statement: Ethical Conduct for Research Involving Human Participants, International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) E6, Good Clinical Practice (GCP), Part C Division 5 of the Canadian Food and Drug Regulations, and the Canadian General Standards Board (CGSB 191.1 2013). All patient and caregiver participation was voluntary.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethical approval","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent for publication","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"117"}}