{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,3]],"date-time":"2025-08-03T22:52:58Z","timestamp":1754261578302,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,1]],"date-time":"2021-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1622505600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,1]],"date-time":"2021-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1622505600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Maxillofac Plast Reconstr Surg"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study aimed to determine how successful reconstruction of the mandible can recover the symmetry.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>All patients who underwent surgical treatment for unilateral mandibular reconstruction in 4 years were retrospectively examined. Bilateral differences of gonion (GO) positions were measured in 3 dimensions based on immediate postoperative computed tomography. The data collected was analyzed in 3 ways: First, the comparison of bilateral differences of GO in 3 dimensions. Second, the mean Asymmetry Index in control subjects was used to divide all cases into three groups: \u201cSymmetry,\u201d \u201cAsymmetry,\u201d and \u201cMarked asymmetry.\u201d Third, \u201cmaximum normal asymmetry\u201d was calculated, and all cases were categorized as below and above maximum normal asymmetry. The difference between two gonial angles was used to determine the amount of asymmetry.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Forty-seven patients and 47 normal adults were enrolled. The mean bilateral GO difference in the control group was higher than in the study group patients, but it was not statistically significant. The mean Asymmetry Index for the control group was not also significantly higher than the study cases. The study group was \u201cSymmetric\u201d in 78.7% of the cases whereas the control group in 91.4%, 19.1% of the study group and 8.5% of controls were \u201cAsymmetric,\u201d and 2.1% of study cases and 0% of controls were \u201cMarkedly Asymmetric.\u201d Maximum normal asymmetry was 82.9% in the study group and 97.8% in the control group. The mean differences between the right and left gonial angles were higher in the study group, but it was not significant (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>= 0.1).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our study\u2019s results showed that bilateral symmetry in mandibular reconstruction patients was satisfactory and similar to the normal individuals.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s40902-021-00299-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,1]],"date-time":"2021-06-01T00:03:31Z","timestamp":1622505811000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Analysis of hard tissue facial symmetry after unilateral mandibular reconstruction"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"43","author":[{"given":"Mohamad Saleh","family":"Khaghaninejad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Leila","family":"Khojastepour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hanie","family":"Ahmadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1208-7831","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Saeid","family":"Tavanafar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alireza","family":"Ebrahimi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohammad","family":"Mahjoori-Ghasrodashti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,1]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"299_CR1","first-page":"341","volume":"34","author":"Y Cheong","year":"2011","unstructured":"Cheong Y, Lo JL (2011) Facial asymmetry: etiology, evaluation, and management. 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A written consent for participation of patient in any educational activities such as using patient data while keeping their identity anonymous for this study was obtained from the patient.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"A written consent for publication of this study was obtained from the patient.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"15"}}