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PRISMA-2020 guidelines were applied. Medline via PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Embase, and Cochrane Library were all searched\/screened. Randomized and non-randomized human studies with at least 10 patients were eligible. Random-effects model analysis was used in all cases. The risk of publication bias was assessed using a funnel plot and the Egger\u2019s test. All statistical analyses were executed using STATA 17.0.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Four randomized, 7 non-randomized and 13 cohort studies were included; 23 were selected for meta-analysis. Overall vertical and horizontal bone gains using tenting screws\/tent-pole as the sole space-maintenance technique were at 5.43\u00a0mm (95% CI: 3.79\u20137.07) and 3.62\u00a0mm (95% CI: 3.21\u20134.02), respectively. One-staged augmentations\/dental implantation showed significantly higher vertical gain compared to two-staged procedures (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.03). Regarding complementary grafted bone materials\/particles, autografts (with\/without xenografts) had significantly higher vertical gains than allografts (with\/without xenografts) (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.00). Five cohorts compared the outcomes of tenting technique against conventional GBR (with no bone-blocks) in horizontal reconstruction; tenting technique significantly outperformed with 0.49\u00a0mm (95% CI: 0.00\u20130.97) superiority (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.05); GRADE certainty assessment reported as moderate. There were no signs of publication bias in any of the analyses (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.75,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.75, and\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.23, respectively).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Tent-pole technique is desirable for space-maintenance without the complexity and surgical\/healing complications of onlay-bone-blocks and titanium meshes. More RCTs are required to reach reliable conclusions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s40902-026-00522-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T09:12:41Z","timestamp":1786698761000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Tenting screw (tent pole) technique in vertical and horizontal alveolar ridge augmentations: a systematic review and meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"48","author":[{"given":"Bita","family":"Sarfaraz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reza","family":"Amid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ali","family":"Azadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mahdi","family":"Kadkhodazadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0140-8097","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amir-Ali","family":"Yousefi-Koma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"522_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1016\/j.identj.2024.11.022","volume":"75","author":"HM Chen","year":"2025","unstructured":"Chen HM, Shen K, Ji L, McGrath C, Chen H (2025) Global and Regional Patterns in Edentulism (1990\u20132021) With Predictions to 2040. 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