{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T02:44:06Z","timestamp":1787021046084,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,3]],"date-time":"2021-11-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1635897600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,3]],"date-time":"2021-11-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1635897600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int J Retin Vitr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To screen for ocular abnormalities in healthy full-term newborn infants using wide-field digital imaging and to analyze factors associated with the findings.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 1208 full-term newborn infants at a tertiary eye hospital (Cipto Mangunkusumo National Referral Hospital) and a district hospital in Jakarta (Koja Hospital) were enrolled to the study. All eligible newborns underwent fundus examination within 48\u00a0h after birth using the RetCam shuttle (Natus Medical Incorporated, USA). Retinal findings were documented and analyzed according to obstetric and neonatal risk factors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Of the 1208 newborn infants enrolled, ocular abnormalities were found in 150 infants (12.4%). Retinal hemorrhage (RH) was the most common finding (88%) in which 2.67% involved the macula, followed by chorioretinitis (4.67%). Univariate analysis showed caesarean section (C-section) (OR 0.27, 95% CI 0.18\u20130.41, p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) was a protective factor against RH, while prolonged labor increased the risk of developing RH (OR 1.84, 95% CI 1.24\u20132.72, p\u2009=\u20090.002). Further multivariate analysis showed similar protective association between C-section and risk of RH (OR 0.29, 95% CI 0.19\u20130.44, p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001), while other risk factors were not.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our study showed that universal eye screening in healthy neonates is beneficial in the early diagnosis, monitoring and treatment of ocular abnormalities such as retinal hemorrhage, chorioretinitis and retinoblastoma. Retinal hemorrhage is the most common ocular abnormality and is associated with the delivery method and the duration of labor. Universal eye screening is visual-saving and life-saving for neonates with chorioretinitis, retinoblastoma as well as other abnormalities and should be mandatory in newborn screening.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s40942-021-00337-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,5]],"date-time":"2021-11-05T10:09:27Z","timestamp":1636106967000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Retinal abnormalities in universal eye screening of healthy, full-term newborn infants in Jakarta. The incidence and its risk factors: a pilot study"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Rita S.","family":"Sitorus","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Indra Maharddhika","family":"Pambudy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rinawati","family":"Rohsiswatmo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julie Dewi","family":"Barliana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dian Estu","family":"Yulia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Indah Suci","family":"Widyahening","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,3]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"337_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1093\/pch\/14.4.246","volume":"14","author":"Canadian Paediatric Society","year":"2009","unstructured":"Canadian Paediatric Society. Vision screening in infants children and youth. Paediatr Child Health. 2009;14(4):246\u201351.","journal-title":"Paediatr Child Health"},{"issue":"5","key":"337_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2012-302539","volume":"97","author":"L-H Li","year":"2013","unstructured":"Li L-H, Li N, Zhao J-Y, Fei P, Zhang G-m, Mao J-b, et al. Findings of perinatal ocular examination performed on 3573, healthy full-term newborns. Br J Ophthalmol. 2013;97(5):588.","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"5","key":"337_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e372","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.12685","volume":"93","author":"A Vinekar","year":"2015","unstructured":"Vinekar A, Govindaraj I, Jayadev C, Kumar AK, Sharma P, Mangalesh S, et al. Universal ocular screening of 1021 term infants using wide-field digital imaging in a single public hospital in India\u2014a pilot study. 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Ophthalmology. 2001;108(1):36\u20139.","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"2","key":"337_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1755-3768.1980.tb05715.x","volume":"58","author":"K Egge","year":"1980","unstructured":"Egge K, Lyng G, Maltau JM. Retinal haemorrhages in the newborn. Acta Ophthalmol. 1980;58(2):231\u20136.","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"7","key":"337_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1021","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-015-3052-9","volume":"253","author":"Q Zhao","year":"2015","unstructured":"Zhao Q, Zhang Y, Yang Y, Li Z, Lin Y, Liu R, et al. Birth-related retinal hemorrhages in healthy full-term newborns and their relationship to maternal, obstetric, and neonatal risk factors. 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Accessed 15th Sept 2018."}],"container-title":["International Journal of Retina and Vitreous"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s40942-021-00337-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s40942-021-00337-1\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s40942-021-00337-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,5]],"date-time":"2021-11-05T10:16:50Z","timestamp":1636107410000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journalretinavitreous.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s40942-021-00337-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,3]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]}},"alternative-id":["337"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40942-021-00337-1","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21203\/rs.2.10617\/v1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21203\/rs.2.10617\/v2","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2056-9920"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2056-9920","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"13 May 2021","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"11 October 2021","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 November 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This study is in accordance with The Declaration of Helsinki and has received ethical clearance from the Human Research Ethics Committee of Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia-Ciptomangunkusumo Hospital. Written informed consent was obtained from each parent prior to the participation of their child(s) in this study.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable, since individual details of the image submitted are not identifiable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"67"}}