{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T14:48:26Z","timestamp":1787064506047,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,7]],"date-time":"2022-03-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646611200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,7]],"date-time":"2022-03-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646611200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int J Retin Vitr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The aim of this study was to determine the 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25(OH)D) levels in age-related macular degeneration (AMD) patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) patients were classified into four groups: early AMD (N\u2009=\u200910), intermediate AMD (N\u2009=\u200912), advanced atrophic AMD (N\u2009=\u200919) and advanced neovascular AMD (N\u2009=\u200952) after undergoing fundus photography. Serum 25(OH)D levels of all subjects were evaluated. From a random control group of 326 patients whose 25(OH)D levels had been measured, a group of 93 were selected to match the age range of the AMD group. We measured 25(OH)D levels during the same period to rule out seasonal variation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 93 AMD patients (36 males and 57 females) and 93 healthy individuals (39 males and 54 females) were enrolled in this study with the mean age of 78.96\u2009\u00b1\u20098.46 vs. 78.80\u2009\u00b1\u20098.35, respectively. The patients affected by AMD had statistically significant lower 25(OH)D levels (15\u2009\u00b1\u200910\u00a0ng\/mL) than the healthy subjects control group (21\u2009\u00b1\u200914\u00a0ng\/mL) (p\u2009=\u20090.004). However, the median 25(OH)D levels in early AMD, intermediate AMD, advanced atrophic AMD and advanced neovascular AMD (12.5\u2009\u00b1\u20097.3; 15\u2009\u00b1\u200911; 15\u2009\u00b1\u20098 and 17\u2009\u00b1\u200911.5, respectively) were not statistically significant (p\u2009=\u20090.442).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study shows that patients affected by AMD had lower vitamin D levels compared to healthy subjects. Further research is necessary to investigate the possible association between 25(OH)D levels and AMD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s40942-022-00368-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,7]],"date-time":"2022-03-07T04:02:58Z","timestamp":1646625778000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D levels in age-related macular degeneration"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3902-407X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonio","family":"P\u00e9rez Serena","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daisy Paola","family":"Mart\u00ednez Betancourt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fernando","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez del Valle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 M.","family":"Ruiz-Moreno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"368_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"616","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2019.11.004","volume":"127","author":"RF Spaide","year":"2020","unstructured":"Spaide RF, Jaffe GJ, Sarraf D, et al. Consensus nomenclature for reporting neovascular age-related macular degeneration data. Ophthalmology. 2020;127:616\u201336. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ophtha.2019.11.004.","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"368_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1579","DOI":"10.2147\/CIA.S142685","volume":"12","author":"A Garcia-Layana","year":"2017","unstructured":"Garcia-Layana A, Cabrera-L\u00f3pez F, Garc\u00eda-Arum\u00ed J, et al. Early and intermediate age-related macular degeneration: update and clinical review. Clin Interv Aging. 2017;12:1579\u201387. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/CIA.S142685.","journal-title":"Clin Interv Aging"},{"key":"368_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1186\/s40662-016-0063-5","volume":"3","author":"KL Pennington","year":"2016","unstructured":"Pennington KL, DeAngelis MM. Epidemiology of age-related macular degeneration (AMD): associations with cardiovascular disease phenotypes and lipid factors. 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Data was analyzed anonymously.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed consent"}},{"value":"All authors agree with the publication.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and\/or publication of this article.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"17"}}