{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T01:05:29Z","timestamp":1782781529721,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,25]],"date-time":"2024-07-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1721865600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,25]],"date-time":"2024-07-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1721865600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["21K09704"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21K09704"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["21H03095"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21H03095"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Suda memorial glaucoma research grant"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int J Retin Vitr"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>To investigate the relationship between changes in the optic disc size and color, cup-to-disc (C\/D) ratio, and axial elongation in schoolchildren.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>A prospective cohort study was performed in 75 right eyes of elementary school students for six years (from 8.5 to 14.5 years old). In the first and last year, all participants underwent optical axial length measurement and color fundus photography. The optic disc color was calculated by dividing the intensity of red by the sum of the intensity of red, green, and blue. The optic disc area was calculated by modifying the number of pixels according to Bennett\u2019s formula. The C\/D ratio was calculated by dividing the vertical cup diameter by vertical optic disc diameter. Wilcoxon signed rank test was used to compare these optic disc parameters and axial length in the first and last year.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Mean axial length in the last year (24.82\u00a0mm) was significantly longer than that in the first year (23.34\u00a0mm). Likewise, the mean optic disc size was significantly smaller in the last year (41,946 pixels) than that in the first year (46,144 pixels). The mean optic disc color in the last year (0.49) was significantly more reddish than that in the first year (0.46), while the mean C\/D ratio in last year (0.50) was significantly smaller than that in first year (0.52).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>During the period from 8.5 years to 14.5 years of age, both the optic disc size and C\/D ratio became smaller, while the color became more red.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s40942-024-00570-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,25]],"date-time":"2024-07-25T06:03:57Z","timestamp":1721887437000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Longitudinal changes of funduscopic optic disc size, color and cup-to-disc ratio in school children"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Seiji","family":"Sameshima","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takehiro","family":"Yamashita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroto","family":"Terasaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryo","family":"Asaoka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naoya","family":"Yoshihara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naoko","family":"Kakiuchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Taiji","family":"Sakamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"570_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Abe H, Shirakashi M, Tsutsumi T, Araie M, Tomidokoro A, Iwase A et al. 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Written informed consent and assent were obtained from all participants and their parents, respectively. This study was registered with the University Hospital Medical Network-clinical trials registry (No. UMIN000015239).","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"The funding organizations had no role in the design or conduct of this research. This study was supported by grants from JSPS KAKENHI (grant numbers 21H03095, 21K09704, and 26462643) and Suda memorial glaucoma research grant. No conflicting relationship exists for any author.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Financial support"}}],"article-number":"51"}}