{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,18]],"date-time":"2026-07-18T10:00:36Z","timestamp":1784368836720,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,14]],"date-time":"2025-04-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1744588800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,14]],"date-time":"2025-04-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1744588800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int J Retin Vitr"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The aim of this study was to compare the safety and efficacy of 20,000 cuts per minute (cpm) with 10,000\u00a0cpm in vitreous cutters.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>This was a prospective, parallel, single masked randomized control trial comparing the 25 gauge 20,000\u00a0cpm HYPERVIT Dual Blade from Alcon Laboratories, Fort Worth, TX, USA and 10,000\u00a0cpm ULTRAVIT vitrectomy cutter from Alcon Laboratories, Inc, Fort Worth, TX. Standard T-test by SPSS version 27 was used to compare efficiency and safety between two groups.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>In total 72 patients were recruited for the study and among them 71 patients completed the study. This study did not show any significant difference between 20,000\u00a0cpm probe and 10,000\u00a0cpm probe (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009value\u2009=\u20090.347) for the core vitrectomy duration in all included eyes. The mean of core vitrectomy time was 269.28\u00a0s in the 25 gauge 20,000\u00a0cpm group and 289.44\u00a0s in the 25 gauge 10,000\u00a0cpm group. However, by comparing the two systems operated on epiretinal membrane eyes, 20,000\u00a0cpm probe had a significantly shorter mean core vitrectomy time than 10,000\u00a0cpm group (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.03). The majority of all the patients had no intraoperative retinal tear (98.6.8%) and post-operative retinal tear (95.8%). There were no intraoperative iatrogenic breaks, and 3 postoperative retinal tears with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) were documented. All the retinal tears belongs to the 20,000\u00a0cpm group but no significant difference was found between the two groups in terms of retinal tear and complications.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>25-gauge 20,000\u00a0cpm Hypervit dual blade showed a faster trend in vitrectomy time although this was not statistically significant in all included eyes. By comparing vitrectomy time operated on epiretinal membrane eyes, a significant shorter time was found in 25-gauge 20,000\u00a0cpm. With more efficient and faster vitrectomy systems, the effect of surgeon factor likely plays a larger role. Our study suggest that the two devices may have a similar efficacy and safety. However, further studies may be needed to compare the core vitrectomy time between them after excluding the surgeon factor influence.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s40942-024-00613-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,14]],"date-time":"2025-04-14T11:08:57Z","timestamp":1744628937000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Performance, safety and efficiency comparison between a 25G 20,000 and a 10,000 cuts per minute vitrectomy: a prospective randomized control study"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Shing Chuen","family":"Chow","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey Man Yeung","family":"Lo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mehnaz","family":"Quddus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qing","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wai Ching","family":"Lam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicholas Siu Kay","family":"Fung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,14]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"613_CR1","first-page":"585","volume":"7","author":"C O\u2019Malley","year":"1975","unstructured":"O\u2019Malley C, Heintz RM. Sr. Vitrectomy with an alternative instrument system. Ann Ophthalmol. 1975;7(4):585\u20138. 91\u2009\u2013\u20094.","journal-title":"Ann Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"2","key":"613_CR2","first-page":"462","volume":"76","author":"R Machemer","year":"1972","unstructured":"Machemer R, Parel JM, Norton EW. Vitrectomy: a pars plana approach. Technical improvements and further results. Trans Am Acad Ophthalmol Otolaryngol. 1972;76(2):462\u20136.","journal-title":"Trans Am Acad Ophthalmol Otolaryngol"},{"issue":"5","key":"613_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1187","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.2008.175","volume":"23","author":"A Misra","year":"2009","unstructured":"Misra A, Ho-Yen G, Burton RL. 23-gauge sutureless vitrectomy and 20-gauge vitrectomy: a case series comparison. Eye (Lond). 2009;23(5):1187\u201391.","journal-title":"Eye (Lond)"},{"key":"613_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1159\/000360447","volume":"54","author":"P Stalmans","year":"2014","unstructured":"Stalmans P. 23-gauge vitrectomy. Dev Ophthalmol. 2014;54:38\u201344.","journal-title":"Dev Ophthalmol"},{"key":"613_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1159\/000360449","volume":"54","author":"S Osawa","year":"2014","unstructured":"Osawa S, Oshima Y. 27-Gauge vitrectomy. Dev Ophthalmol. 2014;54:54\u201362.","journal-title":"Dev Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"3","key":"613_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1097\/ICU.0b013e328329eaea","volume":"20","author":"MJ Spirn","year":"2009","unstructured":"Spirn MJ. Comparison of 25, 23 and 20-gauge vitrectomy. Curr Opin Ophthalmol. 2009;20(3):195\u20139.","journal-title":"Curr Opin Ophthalmol"},{"key":"613_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1159\/000360448","volume":"54","author":"M Mura","year":"2014","unstructured":"Mura M, Barca F. 25-Gauge vitrectomy. Dev Ophthalmol. 2014;54:45\u201353.","journal-title":"Dev Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"1","key":"613_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-007-0672-8","volume":"246","author":"SY Fang","year":"2008","unstructured":"Fang SY, DeBoer CM, Humayun MS. Performance analysis of new-generation vitreous cutters. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2008;246(1):61\u20137.","journal-title":"Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"10","key":"613_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1807","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(02)01179-X","volume":"109","author":"GY Fujii","year":"2002","unstructured":"Fujii GY, De Juan E Jr., Humayun MS, Pieramici DJ, Chang TS, Awh C, et al. A new 25-gauge instrument system for transconjunctival sutureless vitrectomy surgery. Ophthalmology. 2002;109(10):1807\u201312. discussion 13.","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"7","key":"613_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"945","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2006.106799","volume":"91","author":"L Kellner","year":"2007","unstructured":"Kellner L, Wimpissinger B, Stolba U, Brannath W, Binder S. 25-gauge vs 20-gauge system for pars plana vitrectomy: a prospective randomised clinical trial. Br J Ophthalmol. 2007;91(7):945\u20138.","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"1","key":"613_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1186\/s40942-023-00452-1","volume":"9","author":"NSK Fung","year":"2023","unstructured":"Fung NSK, Mak AKH, Brelen M, Tsang CW, Mohamed S, Lam WC. Performance, safety and efficiency comparison between 10,000 and 5000 cuts per minute vitrectomy using a 25G cutter: a prospective randomized controlled study. Int J Retina Vitreous. 2023;9(1):15.","journal-title":"Int J Retina Vitreous"},{"issue":"10","key":"613_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2007","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0b013e318213623a","volume":"31","author":"S Rizzo","year":"2011","unstructured":"Rizzo S, Genovesi-Ebert F, Belting C. Comparative study between a standard 25-gauge vitrectomy system and a new ultrahigh-speed 25-gauge system with duty cycle control in the treatment of various vitreoretinal diseases. Retina. 2011;31(10):2007\u201313.","journal-title":"Retina"},{"issue":"7","key":"613_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1271","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000000924","volume":"36","author":"C Mariotti","year":"2016","unstructured":"Mariotti C, Nicolai M, Saitta A, Orsini E, Viti F, Skrami E, et al. STANDARD CUT RATE 25-GAUGE VITRECTOMY VERSUS ULTRAHIGH-SPEED 25-GAUGE SYSTEM IN CORE VITRECTOMY: a Randomized Clinical Trial. Retina. 2016;36(7):1271\u20134.","journal-title":"Retina"},{"issue":"7","key":"613_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1387","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2009.11.004","volume":"117","author":"A Teixeira","year":"2010","unstructured":"Teixeira A, Chong LP, Matsuoka N, Arana L, Kerns R, Bhadri P, et al. Vitreoretinal traction created by conventional cutters during vitrectomy. Ophthalmology. 2010;117(7):1387\u2013e922.","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"9","key":"613_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1226","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2009.166637","volume":"94","author":"A Teixeira","year":"2010","unstructured":"Teixeira A, Chong L, Matsuoka N, Rowley A, Lue JC, McCormick M, et al. Novel method to quantify traction in a vitrectomy procedure. Br J Ophthalmol. 2010;94(9):1226\u20139.","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"11","key":"613_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2150","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000003573","volume":"42","author":"DH Steel","year":"2022","unstructured":"Steel DH, Charles M, Zhu Y, Tambat S, Irannejad AM, Charles S. FLUIDIC PERFORMANCE OF A DUAL-ACTION VITRECTOMY PROBE COMPARED WITH A SINGLE-ACTION PROBE. Retina. 2022;42(11):2150\u20138.","journal-title":"Retina"},{"issue":"5","key":"613_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0b013e3181631907","volume":"28","author":"T Sato","year":"2008","unstructured":"Sato T, Kusaka S, Oshima Y, Fujikado T. Analyses of cutting and aspirating properties of vitreous cutters with high-speed camera. Retina. 2008;28(5):749\u201354.","journal-title":"Retina"},{"issue":"1","key":"613_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1186\/s40942-020-00277-2","volume":"7","author":"R Oravecz","year":"2021","unstructured":"Oravecz R, Uthoff D, Schrage N, Dutescu RM. Comparison of modern high-speed vitrectomy systems and the advantages of using dual-bladed probes. Int J Retina Vitreous. 2021;7(1):8.","journal-title":"Int J Retina Vitreous"},{"issue":"2","key":"613_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1159\/000521468","volume":"65","author":"M Inoue","year":"2022","unstructured":"Inoue M, Koto T, Hirakata A. Comparisons of Flow dynamics of dual-blade to single-blade beveled-tip vitreous cutters. Ophthalmic Res. 2022;65(2):216\u201328.","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"613_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1167\/tvst.7.6.19","volume":"7","author":"MR Romano","year":"2018","unstructured":"Romano MR, Stocchino A, Ferrara M, Lagazzo A, Repetto R. Fluidics of single and double Blade Guillotine Vitrectomy Probes in Balanced Salt Solution and Artificial Vitreous. Transl Vis Sci Technol. 2018;7(6):19.","journal-title":"Transl Vis Sci Technol"},{"issue":"5","key":"613_CR21","first-page":"e15021","volume":"13","author":"H Tayyab","year":"2021","unstructured":"Tayyab H, Jamil S, Hashmi S. In Vitro comparison of various high-speed vitrectomy machines using dual blade cutters. Cureus. 2021;13(5):e15021.","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"issue":"7","key":"613_CR22","first-page":"3416","volume":"63","author":"V Wuyyuru","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wuyyuru V, Phan K, Zhu Y, Garufis C. Vitreous Flow rate of 25-Gauge and 27-Gauge Dual-cutting 20,000CPM Beveled Vitrectomy Probes during vitreous removal. Investig Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2022;63(7):3416. \u2013 F0316-3416 \u2013 F0316.","journal-title":"Investig Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"613_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3849316","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/3849316","volume":"2016","author":"M Pavlidis","year":"2016","unstructured":"Pavlidis M. Two-Dimensional cutting (TDC) vitrectome: in Vitro Flow Assessment and prospective clinical study evaluating Core Vitrectomy Efficiency versus Standard Vitrectome. J Ophthalmol. 2016;2016:3849316.","journal-title":"J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"613_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2037","DOI":"10.2147\/OPTH.S418371","volume":"17","author":"Y Doi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Doi Y, Muraoka Y, Tsujikawa A. Evaluation of the efficiency and safety of a 27-Gauge 20,000 cuts per minute vitreous cutter. Clin Ophthalmol. 2023;17:2037\u201343.","journal-title":"Clin Ophthalmol"},{"key":"613_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6871207","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/6871207","volume":"2020","author":"M Forlini","year":"2020","unstructured":"Forlini M, Date P, D\u2019Eliseo D, Rossini P, Bratu A, Volinia A, et al. Limited vitrectomy versus complete vitrectomy for Epiretinal membranes: a comparative Multicenter Trial. J Ophthalmol. 2020;2020:6871207.","journal-title":"J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"3","key":"613_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0248164","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0248164","volume":"16","author":"A Sedova","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sedova A, Steiner I, Matzenberger RP, Georgopoulos M, Scholda C, Kriechbaum KF, et al. Comparison of safety and effectiveness between 23-gauge and 25-gauge vitrectomy surgery in common vitreoretinal diseases. PLoS ONE. 2021;16(3):e0248164.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"1","key":"613_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.5301\/ejo.5000305","volume":"24","author":"A Kumar","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kumar A, Duraipandi K, Gogia V, Sehra SV, Gupta S, Midha N. Comparative evaluation of 23- and 25-gauge microincision vitrectomy surgery in management of diabetic macular traction retinal detachment. Eur J Ophthalmol. 2014;24(1):107\u201313.","journal-title":"Eur J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"4","key":"613_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"630","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2009.11.003","volume":"149","author":"DH Bourla","year":"2010","unstructured":"Bourla DH, Bor E, Axer-Siegel R, Mimouni K, Weinberger D. Outcomes and complications of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment repair with selective sutureless 25-gauge pars plana vitrectomy. Am J Ophthalmol. 2010;149(4):630\u2013e41.","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"7","key":"613_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"848","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(90)32492-2","volume":"97","author":"JB Carter","year":"1990","unstructured":"Carter JB, Michels RG, Glaser BM, De Bustros S. Iatrogenic retinal breaks complicating pars plana vitrectomy. Ophthalmology. 1990;97(7):848\u201353. discussion 54.","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"6","key":"613_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"750","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0b013e31802c5125","volume":"27","author":"F Patelli","year":"2007","unstructured":"Patelli F, Radice P, Zumbo G, Frisone G, Fasolino G. 25-gauge macular surgery: results and complications. Retina. 2007;27(6):750\u20134.","journal-title":"Retina"},{"issue":"1","key":"613_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0B013E3182411CD2","volume":"32","author":"BA Mazinani","year":"2012","unstructured":"Mazinani BA, Rajendram A, Walter P, Roessler GF. Does surgical experience have an effect on the success of retinal detachment surgery? Retina. 2012;32(1):32\u20137.","journal-title":"Retina"},{"issue":"1","key":"613_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4213","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-07838-5","volume":"12","author":"K Yamakiri","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yamakiri K, Sakamoto T, Koriyama C, Kawasaki R, Baba T, Nishitsuka K, et al. Effect of surgeon-related factors on outcome of retinal detachment surgery: analyses of data in Japan-retinal detachment registry. Sci Rep. 2022;12(1):4213.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Retina and Vitreous"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s40942-024-00613-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s40942-024-00613-w\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s40942-024-00613-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,14]],"date-time":"2025-04-14T11:08:58Z","timestamp":1744628938000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journalretinavitreous.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s40942-024-00613-w"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,14]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["613"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40942-024-00613-w","relation":{},"ISSN":["2056-9920"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2056-9920","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,14]]},"assertion":[{"value":"6 October 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"30 November 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"14 April 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This study gained approval from the governing research and ethics committee (Institutional Review Board of the University of Hong Kong\/Hospital Authority Hong Kong West Cluster (\u201cHKU\/HA HKWC IRB\u201d)) (UW21-384). This study adhered to the tenets of the Declaration of Helsinki. The study was also registered with clinicaltrials. Gov (NCT05710458) and the Hong Kong West Cluster Ethics Board (UW21-384).","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval"}},{"value":"not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"45"}}