{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T04:07:28Z","timestamp":1791864448915,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]],"date-time":"2025-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746057600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]],"date-time":"2025-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746057600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo, Brasil","award":["2022\/16653-2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022\/16653-2"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int J Retin Vitr"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) is a major cause of failure in cases of retinal detachment (RD) repair. Intravitreal melphalan, a known inhibitor of cellular proliferation, offers a novel therapeutic approach to reduce PVR recurrence and improve outcomes. We evaluated the safety and efficacy of 5\u00a0\u00b5g\/0.1\u00a0ml intravitreal melphalan at the end of pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) before silicone oil (SO) injection in eyes with primary PVR related to rhegmatogenous retinal detachments (RRDs) with a minimal 90-day follow-up period.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This prospective, cross-sectional, interventional pilot study was conducted at the Department of Ophthalmology of the Federal University of S\u00e3o Paulo in patients with primary RRD and PVR. Patients were included who were aged 18 to 85 years with PVR grade CP2 or worse secondary to RRDs in eyes without having undergone a previous RRD surgery. They underwent PPV\u2009+\u2009scleral buckle\u2009+\u2009fluid air exchange followed by intravitreal injection of 5\u00a0\u00b5g\/0.1\u00a0ml melphalan (270 mOsm) and SO injection.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Six eyes of six patients were enrolled. Ocular examination and imaging showed no retinal toxicity. The logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution best-corrected visual acuity improved from the mean\u2009\u00b1\u2009standard deviation preoperatively of 2.11\u2009\u00b1\u20090.22 to 0.89\u2009\u00b1\u20090.37 at 30 and to 0.84\u2009\u00b1\u20090.42 at 90 days postoperative (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Optical coherence tomography identified intraretinal cysts in five of six eyes and outer retinal layer loss in all study eyes. Only one of six eyes developed a recurrent localized RD on day 90 unrelated to recurrent PVR. PVR recurrence was not observed during the study follow-up.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this pilot study, the preliminary data showed that PPV followed by intravitreal injection of 5\u00a0\u00b5g\/0.1\u00a0ml melphalan was not related to ocular toxicity. The absence of PVR recurrence at 3 months follow-up in these complex PVR eyes is an interesting finding that justifies further investigation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s40942-025-00675-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]],"date-time":"2025-05-01T03:59:55Z","timestamp":1746071995000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["A pilot study of intraoperative melphalan to prevent recurrent PVR: the IOMPVR study"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Carlos A.","family":"Moreira-Neto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jose S","family":"Pulido","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luca Bongiovanni de Miranda","family":"Gon\u00e7alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabriel Nunes","family":"Cavalcanti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Acacio Souza","family":"Lima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 de Paula Barbosa","family":"Neto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Lavinsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Talita Virginia Fernandes","family":"de Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fernando Ejii","family":"Ogata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucas Zago","family":"Ribeiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luiz Fernando","family":"Teixeira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Flavia Borelli Gomes","family":"do Nascimento","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luiz H.","family":"Lima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Octaviano","family":"Magalh\u00e3es","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michel Eid","family":"Farah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maur\u00edcio","family":"Maia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"675_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1016\/s0161-6420(92)31983-9","volume":"99","author":"CM Greven","year":"1992","unstructured":"Greven CM, Sanders RJ, Brown GC, et al. Pseudophakic retinal detachments. Anatomic and visual results. Ophthalmol Feb. 1992;99(2):257\u201362. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0161-6420(92)31983-9.","journal-title":"Ophthalmol Feb"},{"issue":"5","key":"675_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1097\/00006982-199414050-00005","volume":"14","author":"P Girard","year":"1994","unstructured":"Girard P, Mimoun G, Karpouzas I, Montefiore G. Clinical risk factors for proliferative vitreoretinopathy after retinal detachment surgery. Retina. 1994;14(5):417\u201324. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00006982-199414050-00005.","journal-title":"Retina"},{"issue":"4","key":"675_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.77.4.199","volume":"77","author":"DS Gartry","year":"1993","unstructured":"Gartry DS, Chignell AH, Franks WA, Wong D. Pars plana vitrectomy for the treatment of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment uncomplicated by advanced proliferative vitreoretinopathy. Br J Ophthalmol Apr. 1993;77(4):199\u2013203. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bjo.77.4.199.","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol Apr"},{"issue":"12","key":"675_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00189354","volume":"234","author":"M Bonnet","year":"1996","unstructured":"Bonnet M, Fleury J, Guenoun S, Yaniali A, Dumas C, Hajjar C. Cryopexy in primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment: a risk factor for postoperative proliferative vitreoretinopathy? Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol Dec. 1996;234(12):739\u201343. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF00189354.","journal-title":"Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol Dec"},{"issue":"3","key":"675_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1016\/j.survophthal.2023.11.005","volume":"69","author":"JY Ge","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ge JY, Teo ZL, Chee ML, et al. International incidence and Temporal trends for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Surv Ophthalmol May-Jun. 2024;69(3):330\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.survophthal.2023.11.005.","journal-title":"Surv Ophthalmol May-Jun"},{"issue":"4","key":"675_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.eye.6700194","volume":"16","author":"DG Charteris","year":"2002","unstructured":"Charteris DG, Sethi CS, Lewis GP, Fisher SK. Proliferative vitreoretinopathy-developments in adjunctive treatment and retinal pathology. Eye (Lond) Jul. 2002;16(4):369\u201374. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/sj.eye.6700194.","journal-title":"Eye (Lond) Jul"},{"issue":"5","key":"675_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1097\/00006982-200009000-00005","volume":"20","author":"MA Speicher","year":"2000","unstructured":"Speicher MA, Fu AD, Martin JP, von Fricken MA. Primary vitrectomy alone for repair of retinal detachments following cataract surgery. Retina. 2000;20(5):459\u201364. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00006982-200009000-00005.","journal-title":"Retina"},{"issue":"11","key":"675_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00292353","volume":"234","author":"N Duquesne","year":"1996","unstructured":"Duquesne N, Bonnet M, Adeleine P. Preoperative vitreous hemorrhage associated with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment: a risk factor for postoperative proliferative vitreoretinopathy? Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol Nov. 1996;234(11):677\u201382. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF00292353.","journal-title":"Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol Nov"},{"key":"675_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1159\/000438972","volume":"55","author":"OW Kwon","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kwon OW, Song JH, Roh MI. Retinal detachment and proliferative vitreoretinopathy. Dev Ophthalmol. 2016;55:154\u201362. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000438972.","journal-title":"Dev Ophthalmol"},{"key":"675_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1325","DOI":"10.2147\/OPTH.S27896","volume":"6","author":"A Sadaka","year":"2012","unstructured":"Sadaka A, Giuliari GP. Proliferative vitreoretinopathy: current and emerging treatments. Clin Ophthalmol. 2012;6:1325\u201333. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/OPTH.S27896.","journal-title":"Clin Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"1","key":"675_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/s1350-9462(01)00023-4","volume":"21","author":"JC Pastor","year":"2002","unstructured":"Pastor JC, de la Rua ER, Martin F. Proliferative vitreoretinopathy: risk factors and pathobiology. Prog Retin Eye Res Jan. 2002;21(1):127\u201344. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s1350-9462(01)00023-4.","journal-title":"Prog Retin Eye Res Jan"},{"issue":"1","key":"675_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/s0039-6257(98)00023-x","volume":"43","author":"JC Pastor","year":"1998","unstructured":"Pastor JC. Proliferative vitreoretinopathy: an overview. Surv ophthalmol. Jul-Aug. 1998;43(1):3\u201318. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0039-6257(98)00023-x.","journal-title":"Jul-Aug"},{"issue":"7","key":"675_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"865","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-009-1082-x","volume":"247","author":"A Bringmann","year":"2009","unstructured":"Bringmann A, Wiedemann P. Involvement of Muller glial cells in epiretinal membrane formation. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol Jul. 2009;247(7):865\u201383. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00417-009-1082-x.","journal-title":"Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol Jul"},{"key":"675_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2015.07.005","volume":"51","author":"JC Pastor","year":"2016","unstructured":"Pastor JC, Rojas J, Pastor-Idoate S, Di Lauro S, Gonzalez-Buendia L, Delgado-Tirado S. Proliferative vitreoretinopathy: A new concept of disease pathogenesis and practical consequences. Prog Retin Eye Res Mar. 2016;51:125\u201355. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2015.07.005.","journal-title":"Prog Retin Eye Res Mar"},{"key":"675_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Poczta A, Rogalska A, Marczak A. Treatment of multiple myeloma and the role of Melphalan in the era of modern Therapies-Current research and clinical approaches. J Clin Med Apr. 2021;23(9). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm10091841.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10091841"},{"key":"675_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"716467","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2021.716467","volume":"11","author":"V Conteduca","year":"2021","unstructured":"Conteduca V, Scarpi E, Farolfi A, et al. Melphalan as a promising treatment for BRCA-Related ovarian carcinoma. Front Oncol. 2021;11:716467. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fonc.2021.716467.","journal-title":"Front Oncol"},{"issue":"1","key":"675_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1186\/s40942-022-00404-1","volume":"17","author":"R Jorge","year":"2022","unstructured":"Jorge R, Coelho I, Viani G, et al. Melphalan intra-arterial chemotherapy for choroidal melanoma chemoreduction. Int J Retina Vitreous Aug. 2022;17(1):55. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40942-022-00404-1.","journal-title":"Int J Retina Vitreous Aug"},{"issue":"8","key":"675_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtct.2022.05.003","volume":"28","author":"PB Dahi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Dahi PB, Lin A, Scordo M, et al. Evaluation of Melphalan exposure in lymphoma patients undergoing BEAM and autologous hematopoietic cell transplantation. Transpl Cell Ther Aug. 2022;28(8):485. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jtct.2022.05.003. e1-485 e6.","journal-title":"Transpl Cell Ther Aug"},{"issue":"4","key":"675_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-007-0685-3","volume":"246","author":"Y Shimoda","year":"2008","unstructured":"Shimoda Y, Hamano R, Ishihara K, et al. Effects of intraocular irrigation with Melphalan on rabbit retinas during vitrectomy. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol Apr. 2008;246(4):501\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00417-007-0685-3.","journal-title":"Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol Apr"},{"issue":"2","key":"675_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/s0002-9394(14)76695-4","volume":"15","author":"R Machemer","year":"1991","unstructured":"Machemer R, Aaberg TM, Freeman HM, Irvine AR, Lean JS, Michels RM. An updated classification of retinal detachment with proliferative vitreoretinopathy. Am J Ophthalmol Aug. 1991;15(2):159\u201365. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0002-9394(14)76695-4.","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol Aug"},{"issue":"3","key":"675_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1236","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.05-0981","volume":"47","author":"K Schulze-Bonsel","year":"2006","unstructured":"Schulze-Bonsel K, Feltgen N, Burau H, Hansen L, Bach M. Visual acuities hand motion and counting fingers can be quantified with the Freiburg visual acuity test. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci Mar. 2006;47(3):1236\u201340. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1167\/iovs.05-0981.","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci Mar"},{"issue":"6","key":"675_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e963","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.14659","volume":"99","author":"G Moussa","year":"2021","unstructured":"Moussa G, Bassilious K, Mathews N. A novel excel sheet conversion tool from Snellen fraction to LogMAR including \u2018counting fingers\u2019, \u2018hand movement\u2019, \u2018light perception\u2019 and \u2018no light perception\u2019 and focused review of literature of low visual acuity reference values. Acta Ophthalmol Sep. 2021;99(6):e963\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/aos.14659.","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol Sep"},{"issue":"5","key":"675_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.5935\/0004-2749.20170082","volume":"80","author":"H Patel","year":"2017","unstructured":"Patel H, Congdon N, Strauss G, Lansingh C. A need for standardization in visual acuity measurement. Arq Bras Oftalmol Sep-Oct. 2017;80(5):332\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5935\/0004-2749.20170082.","journal-title":"Arq Bras Oftalmol Sep-Oct"},{"issue":"2","key":"675_CR24","first-page":"109","volume":"6","author":"M Azarmina","year":"2011","unstructured":"Azarmina M, Soheilian M, Azarmina H, Hosseini B. Electroretinogram changes following silicone oil removal. J Ophthalmic Vis Res Apr. 2011;6(2):109\u201313.","journal-title":"J Ophthalmic Vis Res Apr"},{"issue":"5","key":"675_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0216823","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0216823","volume":"14","author":"K Ozaki","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ozaki K, Yoshikawa Y, Ishikawa S, et al. Electroretinograms recorded with skin electrodes in silicone oil-filled eyes. PLoS ONE. 2019;14(5):e0216823. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0216823.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"4","key":"675_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"698","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2006.08.042","volume":"114","author":"L Wickham","year":"2007","unstructured":"Wickham L, Bunce C, Wong D, McGurn D, Charteris DG. Randomized controlled trial of combined 5-Fluorouracil and low-molecular-weight heparin in the management of unselected rhegmatogenous retinal detachments undergoing primary vitrectomy. Ophthalmol Apr. 2007;114(4):698\u2013704. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ophtha.2006.08.042.","journal-title":"Ophthalmol Apr"},{"issue":"7","key":"675_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1179","DOI":"10.1016\/s0161-6420(01)00589-9","volume":"108","author":"RH Asaria","year":"2001","unstructured":"Asaria RH, Kon CH, Bunce C, et al. Adjuvant 5-fluorouracil and heparin prevents proliferative vitreoretinopathy: results from a randomized, double-blind, controlled clinical trial. Ophthalmol Jul. 2001;108(7):1179\u201383. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0161-6420(01)00589-9.","journal-title":"Ophthalmol Jul"},{"issue":"6","key":"675_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2931","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2011.08.043","volume":"179","author":"S Pennock","year":"2011","unstructured":"Pennock S, Rheaume MA, Mukai S, Kazlauskas A. A novel strategy to develop therapeutic approaches to prevent proliferative vitreoretinopathy. Am J Pathol Dec. 2011;179(6):2931\u201340. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajpath.2011.08.043.","journal-title":"Am J Pathol Dec"},{"issue":"1","key":"675_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.2174\/156802612798919187","volume":"12","author":"CL Defty","year":"2012","unstructured":"Defty CL, Marsden JR. Melphalan in regional chemotherapy for locally recurrent metastatic melanoma. Curr Top Med Chem. 2012;12(1):53\u201360. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/156802612798919187.","journal-title":"Curr Top Med Chem"},{"issue":"4","key":"675_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1089\/jop.2015.0088","volume":"32","author":"E Buitrago","year":"2016","unstructured":"Buitrago E, Winter U, Williams G, Asprea M, Chantada G, Schaiquevich P. Pharmacokinetics of Melphalan after intravitreal injection in a rabbit model. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther May. 2016;32(4):230\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/jop.2015.0088.","journal-title":"J Ocul Pharmacol Ther May"},{"issue":"9","key":"675_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1810","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2014.03.028","volume":"121","author":"JH Francis","year":"2014","unstructured":"Francis JH, Schaiquevich P, Buitrago E, et al. Local and systemic toxicity of intravitreal Melphalan for vitreous seeding in retinoblastoma: a preclinical and clinical study. Ophthalmol Sep. 2014;121(9):1810\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ophtha.2014.03.028.","journal-title":"Ophthalmol Sep"},{"issue":"3","key":"675_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1007\/s10384-015-0378-0","volume":"59","author":"S Suzuki","year":"2015","unstructured":"Suzuki S, Aihara Y, Fujiwara M, Sano S, Kaneko A. Intravitreal injection of Melphalan for intraocular retinoblastoma. Jpn J Ophthalmol May. 2015;59(3):164\u201372. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10384-015-0378-0.","journal-title":"Jpn J Ophthalmol May"},{"issue":"10","key":"675_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1268","DOI":"10.1001\/archophthalmol.2012.1983","volume":"130","author":"F Ghassemi","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ghassemi F, Shields CL. Intravitreal Melphalan for refractory or recurrent vitreous seeding from retinoblastoma. Arch Ophthalmol Oct. 2012;130(10):1268\u201371. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/archophthalmol.2012.1983.","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol Oct"},{"issue":"4","key":"675_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2016.12.015","volume":"124","author":"JH Francis","year":"2017","unstructured":"Francis JH, Brodie SE, Marr B, Zabor EC, Mondesire-Crump I, Abramson DH. Efficacy and toxicity of intravitreous chemotherapy for retinoblastoma: Four-Year experience. Ophthalmol Apr. 2017;124(4):488\u201395. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ophtha.2016.12.015.","journal-title":"Ophthalmol Apr"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Retina and Vitreous"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s40942-025-00675-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s40942-025-00675-4\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s40942-025-00675-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]],"date-time":"2025-05-01T16:02:43Z","timestamp":1746115363000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journalretinavitreous.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s40942-025-00675-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["675"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40942-025-00675-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["2056-9920"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2056-9920","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"3 February 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"19 April 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"1 May 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board (number: 5.282.168) at the Federal University of S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil. The data were stored and managed in compliance with guidelines from the Brazilian General Data Protection Law and adhered to the tenets of the Declaration of Helsinki.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Informed consent for publication was obtained from the patients.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"53"}}