{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T23:52:39Z","timestamp":1791503559534,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]],"date-time":"2026-07-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783987200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791504000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":87,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int J Retin Vitr"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We aimed to investigate the association between post-treatment changes in polarimetric entropy (PE), which is a noninvasive surrogate marker of structural heterogeneity associated with pigment epithelial remodeling and measured by polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography (PS-OCT), and the need for multiple anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-injections in myopic choroidal neovascularization (mCNV).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We retrospectively analyzed 11 eyes that received intra-vitreal anti-VEGF injections for treatment-na\u00efve mCNV. Based on treatment response during the first 3 months, eyes were categorized into the single-injection (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20099) and multiple-injection (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20092) groups. PS-OCT en face PE maps (6\u2009\u00d7\u20096\u00a0mm) were obtained at baseline and 3 months after treatment, with the analysis area manually centered over the CNV using a 3-mm Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) grid. PE values were extracted from the central 1-mm circle (CNV core) and surrounding 1\u20133-mm annulus (periphery), and the differences before and after treatment were calculated. Intergroup comparisons were conducted using Wilcoxon rank-sum test.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      PE within the CNV core increased after treatment (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.0037). The multiple-injection group showed a greater PE increase than the single-injection group (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.0347), although this finding should be interpreted cautiously given the small and imbalanced sample size. Exploratory analysis suggested a positive association between the magnitude of PE change in the CNV core and injection number during the 3-month period.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>High post-treatment entropy may reflect structural heterogeneity associated with pigment epithelial remodeling during the early healing phase. These findings suggest that PS-OCT entropy imaging may serve as a retrospective indicator of tissue response rather than a predictive biomarker in the present dataset. Given the very small and imbalanced sample size, the results should be interpreted as exploratory and hypothesis-generating.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s40942-026-00902-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]],"date-time":"2026-07-14T04:14:41Z","timestamp":1784002481000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Quantitative evaluation of pigment epithelial encapsulation using polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography after anti-VEGF therapy for myopic choroidal neovascularization"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Mami","family":"Ota","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuki","family":"Saeki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazuki","family":"Yashiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuichiro","family":"Aoki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kohdai","family":"Kitamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryo","family":"Terao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-9998-7448","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Keiko","family":"Azuma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"902_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1241","DOI":"10.1016\/s0161-6420(96)30515-0","volume":"103","author":"SY Cohen","year":"1996","unstructured":"Cohen SY, Laroche A, Leguen Y, Soubrane G, Coscas GJ. Etiology of choroidal neovascularization in young patients. Ophthalmology. 1996;103:1241\u20134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0161-6420(96)30515-0.","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"902_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"682","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2013.10.023","volume":"121","author":"S Wolf","year":"2014","unstructured":"Wolf S, Balciuniene VJ, Laganovska G, Menchini U, Ohno-Matsui K, Sharma T, Wong TY, Silva R, Pilz S, Gekkieva M, RADIANCE Study Group. RADIANCE: a randomized controlled study of ranibizumab in patients with choroidal neovascularization secondary to pathologic myopia. Ophthalmology. 2014;121:682\u2013e6922. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ophtha.2013.10.023.","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"902_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2415-14-69","volume":"14","author":"DM Cha","year":"2014","unstructured":"Cha DM, Kim TW, Heo JW, Woo SJ, Park KH, Yu HG, Chung H. 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Retina. 1992;12:127\u201333. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00006982-199212020-00009.","journal-title":"Retina"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Retina and Vitreous"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s40942-026-00902-6","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s40942-026-00902-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s40942-026-00902-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T23:31:37Z","timestamp":1791502297000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1186\/s40942-026-00902-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["902"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40942-026-00902-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["2056-9920"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2056-9920","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]]},"assertion":[{"value":"17 March 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 July 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"14 July 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of the University of Tokyo Hospital (Ethics Committee ID number: 11822) and was conducted in accordance with the tenets of the Declaration of Helsinki.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethics approval","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This study was conducted using an opt-out consent process approved by the Institutional Review Board of the University of Tokyo Hospital. Information about the study was disclosed to participants, and they were given the opportunity to decline participation. The need for written informed consent was waived in accordance with institutional guidelines due to the retrospective nature of the study.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent to participate","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Participants provided consent for anonymized data and images to be used for publication in scientific journals.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent to publish","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"No public dataset or repository was used. All data supporting the findings of this study were obtained at the University of Tokyo Hospital and are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","label":"Data transparency","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"136"}}