{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,29]],"date-time":"2023-11-29T08:28:38Z","timestamp":1701246518603},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,20]],"date-time":"2020-04-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1587340800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,20]],"date-time":"2020-04-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1587340800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JA Clin Rep"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a genetic disease characterized by degeneration of the spinal cord, resulting in progressive muscle atrophy. Recently, nusinersen has been approved for treating SMA, which should be administered intrathecally.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Case presentation<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Patient 1 was a 36-year-old woman with SMA type 2. Patients 2 and 3 were 10- and 17-year-old girls with SMA type 1. In patients 1 and 2, the needle was inserted into the spinal column, but outflow of cerebrospinal fluid was unable to be confirmed. CT revealed that the dural sac terminated at the L5 level in patients 1 and 3 and at the L5\/S1 level in patient 2.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Patients with SMA often present with high-grade scoliosis, making intrathecal administration difficult. In addition, the dural sac may terminate at a level higher than normal. To ensure intrathecal administration, the level of dural sac termination must be confirmed by CT before puncture.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s40981-020-00334-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,20]],"date-time":"2020-04-20T17:04:08Z","timestamp":1587402248000},"update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Intrathecal administration of nusinersen for spinal muscular atrophy: report of three cases with severe spinal deformity"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Sayo","family":"Nakao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shinichi","family":"Yamada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Katsuya","family":"Tsuda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Taishi","family":"Yokomizo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Teruyuki","family":"Sato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shuichi","family":"Tanoue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Teruyuki","family":"Hiraki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"334_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"831","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2015.07.004","volume":"33","author":"SJ Kolb","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kolb SJ, Kissel JT. Spinal muscular atrophy. Neurol Clin. 2015;33:831\u201346.","journal-title":"Neurol Clin."},{"key":"334_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt.3784","volume":"35","author":"O Khorkova","year":"2017","unstructured":"Khorkova O, Wahlestedt C. Oligonucleotide therapies for disorders of the nervous system. Nat Biotechnol. 2017;35:249\u201363.","journal-title":"Nat Biotechnol."},{"key":"334_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2120","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(08)60921-6","volume":"371","author":"MR Lunn","year":"2008","unstructured":"Lunn MR, Wang CH. Spinal muscular atrophy. Lancet. 2008;371:2120\u201333.","journal-title":"Lancet."},{"key":"334_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1015","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ejhg.5201288","volume":"12","author":"S Ogino","year":"2004","unstructured":"Ogino S, Wilson RB, Gold B. New insights on the evolution of the SMN1 and SMN2 region: simulation and meta-analysis for allele and haplotype frequency calculations. Eur J Hum Genet. 2004;12:1015\u201323.","journal-title":"Eur J Hum Genet."},{"key":"334_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1027","DOI":"10.1177\/0883073807305788","volume":"22","author":"CH Wang","year":"2007","unstructured":"Wang CH, Finkel RS, Bertini ES, Schroth M, Simonds A, Wong B, Aloysius A, Morrison L, Main M, Crawford TO, Trela A. Consensus statement for standard of care in spinal muscular atrophy. J Child Neurol. 2007;22:1027\u201349.","journal-title":"J Child Neurol."},{"key":"334_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1007\/s00247-018-4240-7","volume":"4","author":"CB Ortiz","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ortiz CB, Kukreja KU, Lotze TE, Chau A. Ultrasound-guided cervical puncture for nusinersen administration in adolescents. 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Pediatr Radiol. 2018;48:392\u20137.","journal-title":"Pediatr Radiol."},{"key":"334_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1104","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03021615","volume":"52","author":"K Ramachandran","year":"2005","unstructured":"Ramachandran K, Ponnusamy N. Dry tap and spinal anesthesia. Can J Anaesth. 2005;52:1104\u20135.","journal-title":"Can J Anaesth."},{"key":"334_CR10","first-page":"p171","volume-title":"Regional anesthesia in infants, children, and adolescents","author":"BJ Dalens","year":"1995","unstructured":"Dalens BJ. Caudal anesthesia. In: Dalens BJ, editor. Regional anesthesia in infants, children, and adolescents. London: Williams & Wilkens; 1995. p. p171\u201392."},{"key":"334_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1159\/000028790","volume":"30","author":"A Hansasuta","year":"1999","unstructured":"Hansasuta A, Tubbs RS, Oakes WJ. Filum terminal fusion and dural sac termination: study in 27 cadavers. 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