{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T03:56:30Z","timestamp":1790222190463,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,5]],"date-time":"2022-07-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1656979200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,5]],"date-time":"2022-07-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1656979200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Chin Neurosurg Jl"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Shunt systems are used to provide cerebrospinal fluid drainage in the treatment of hydrocephalus. Recently, antibiotic-impregnated shunt systems are used to prevent colonization in the ventriculoperitoneal catheters. Methicillin-resistant <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic> (MRSA) is the most common causative microorganism of shunt infections. The aim of the study is to investigate effects of several substances on MRSA biofilms in the ventriculoperitoneal catheters.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The present study consists of mainly eight groups (each has two subgroups as antibiotic-impregnated and nonantibiotic-impregnated catheters). In addition, each group contains six molds using MRSA strains. In this study, daptomycin (DAPT) (2\u00a0mg\/ml), vancomycin (VAN) (10\u00a0mg\/ml), linezolid (LIN) (2\u00a0mg\/ml), N-acetylcysteine (NAC) (6\u00a0mg\/ml), and various combinations of these substances were used to evaluate the treatment against MRSA using scanning electron microscope (SEM) images and microbiological enumeration.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The colony count in the antibiotic-impregnated samples significantly decreased compared to nonantibiotic-impregnated samples in the MRSA, MRSA\u2009+\u2009DAPT, and MRSA\u2009+\u2009LIN groups (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.01), respectively. Conversely, the colony count in antibiotic-impregnated samples significantly increased compared to nonantibiotic-impregnated samples in NAC\u2009+\u2009DAPT and NAC\u2009+\u2009VAN groups (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.01), respectively.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The results showed that the use of antibiotic-impregnated catheters has a significant impact on the prevention of infection whereas the combination of NAC and DAPT showed better antibiofilm and antibacterial effects than other combinations on the prevention and treatment of nonantibiotic-impregnated catheter infections.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s41016-022-00284-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,5]],"date-time":"2022-07-05T04:05:43Z","timestamp":1656993943000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Actions of N-acetylcysteine, daptomycin, vancomycin, and linezolid on methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus biofilms in the ventriculoperitoneal shunt infections: an experimental study"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Tuba","family":"Kuruoglu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gamze","family":"Altun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Enis","family":"Kuruoglu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Derya Bay\u0131rl\u0131","family":"Turan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mehmet Emin","family":"\u00d6nger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,5]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"284_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.3171\/ped.2005.103.2.0113","volume":"103","author":"JH Chi","year":"2005","unstructured":"Chi JH, Fullerton HJ, Gupta N. 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