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This study investigated MC-associated biomarkers in HAH.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>HAH-related datasets and MC-related genes (MC-RGs) were retrieved from public databases. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the HAH and control groups were screened, and overlapping genes between DEGs and MC-RGs were defined as candidates. Biomarkers were identified using three machine learning methods, receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, and expression validation. A nomogram was constructed for diagnostic assessment. Functional enrichment, immune infiltration, regulatory network, and drug prediction analyses were performed, with biomarker expression verified by reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic>DIAPH1<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>MDM4<\/jats:italic>\n                      were confirmed as MC-associated biomarkers in HAH, and the nomogram displayed excellent diagnostic ability (area under the curve\u2009=\u20090.929). These biomarkers were coenriched in pathways such as oxidative phosphorylation.\n                      <jats:italic>DIAPH1<\/jats:italic>\n                      was positively correlated with the infiltration of resting NK cells, whereas\n                      <jats:italic>MDM4<\/jats:italic>\n                      was negatively correlated with that of M2 macrophages. A transcription factor\u2013mRNA\u2013miRNA network was established, with\n                      <jats:italic>USF2<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>GATA2<\/jats:italic>\n                      jointly targeting both biomarkers. Drugs such as rescinnamine targeted\n                      <jats:italic>MDM4<\/jats:italic>\n                      . RT-qPCR verified that\n                      <jats:italic>USF2<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>GATA2<\/jats:italic>\n                      were significantly downregulated in HAH (both\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.01), consistent with the bioinformatics results.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic>DIAPH1<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>MDM4<\/jats:italic>\n                      are valid MC-associated biomarkers for HAH. This study provides novel insights into HAH prevention and treatment.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s41065-026-00692-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]],"date-time":"2026-05-21T09:07:17Z","timestamp":1779354437000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Identification and validation of biomarkers associated with mitotic catastrophe in high-altitude hypoxia"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"163","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-9905-9161","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wenwen","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Defang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ting","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"692_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1097\/NMC.0000000000000194","volume":"41","author":"KH Morin","year":"2016","unstructured":"Morin KH. 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