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Stress exposure training (SET) has been shown to decrease stress\u2019s impact on performance. Combining SET with virtual reality (VR) simulation training has not yet been explored in the context of stress inoculation. The primary purpose of this pilot study was to determine if a VR module could induce stress. The secondary purpose was to determine if repeated exposure to stressors could decrease stress response in a simulated environment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Medical students were recruited to partake in VR simulation modules aimed at treatment of malignant hyperthermia (MH). Those in the SET group were exposed to stressful stimuli during training modules, while those in the Control group were not. Both groups then completed a Test Module with the presence of stressful stimuli. Objective and subjective indicators of stress were measured after each module.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Both groups indicated increases in perceived stress and module stressfulness after Training Module 1 and decreases after Training Module 2. After the Test Module, the Control group experienced significant elevation in perceived stress (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.05), and the SET group had a significant decrease in perceived module stressfulness (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u2009.05). Both groups had a decrease in perceived competence after Training Module 1 (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u2009.001) and an increase after Training Module 2 (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u2009.001), with the SET group having significant elevation after the Test Module (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u2009.01). Both groups found the VR module to be feasible as a teaching tool. Objectively, the SET group showed an upward trend in electrodermal activity (EDA) from the Tutorial to Test Modules (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u2009.05), with the Control group showing a decrease after Training Module 2 (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.05) and an increase after the Test Module (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u2009.01).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A VR module targeting treatment of MH successfully induced stress and was regarded favorably by participants. Those in the SET group perceived less stress and more competence after the Test Module than those in the Control. Findings suggest that repeated exposure to stressors through VR may desensitize participants from future stress in a simulated environment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s41077-024-00308-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,16]],"date-time":"2024-08-16T08:01:58Z","timestamp":1723795318000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Combining stress inoculation with virtual reality simulation training of malignant hyperthermia"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4978-2862","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erin E","family":"Blanchard","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zina","family":"Trost","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michelle R","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Corey","family":"Shum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Merrick","family":"Meese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"308_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Cook DA, Hatala R, Brydges R, et al. 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