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However, there are increasing concerns regarding imported cases of cutaneous leishmaniasis from endemic countries to Japan. This report describes a case of imported cutaneous leishmaniasis that was diagnosed and treated in Japan.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Case presentation<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>A 53-year-old Pakistani man presented with skin lesions on both malleoli of his right ankle and the dorsum of the left foot. The skin lesions manifested as erythematous nodules surrounding an ulcer in the center of the lesion. The lesions of the malleoli of his right ankle each measured 3 \u00d7 3 cm, and the lesion on the top of his left foot measured 5 \u00d7 4 cm. He had been living and working in Japan but had a history of a visit to Pakistan for about 2 months in 2018. The skin lesions were biopsied. Giemsa and hematoxylin and eosin staining of biopsy samples showed amastigotes of <jats:italic>Leishmania<\/jats:italic> in macrophages, and the presence of <jats:italic>Leishmania<\/jats:italic> was confirmed by skin tissue culture. Polymerase chain reaction using biopsy specimens identified <jats:italic>Leishmania<\/jats:italic> parasites, and DNA sequence analysis revealed that the species was <jats:italic>Leishmania tropica<\/jats:italic>. The patient was treated with intravenous liposomal amphotericin B for 6 days. The erythema disappeared, and the erythematous nodules resolved within 3 weeks.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>This is the first report of imported cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by <jats:italic>L. tropica<\/jats:italic> from Pakistan, and it is interesting that all three testing modalities showed positive results in this case.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s41182-021-00312-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,6]],"date-time":"2021-03-06T20:02:41Z","timestamp":1615060961000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Complicated cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by an imported case of Leishmania tropica in Japan: a case report"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"49","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2223-2403","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hiroyuki","family":"Kitano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chizu","family":"Sanjoba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yasuyuki","family":"Goto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kazumasa","family":"Iwamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hiroki","family":"Kitagawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Toshihito","family":"Nomura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Keitaro","family":"Omori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Norifumi","family":"Shigemoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michihiro","family":"Hide","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yoshitsugu","family":"Matsumoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hiroki","family":"Ohge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"312_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"951","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)31204-2","volume":"392","author":"S Burza","year":"2018","unstructured":"Burza S, Croft LS, Boelaert M. 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