{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T21:01:27Z","timestamp":1788210087762,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]],"date-time":"2021-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638316800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,27]],"date-time":"2021-12-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640563200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":26,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Trop Med Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>is a global public health issue in both community and hospital settings. Management of methicillin-resistant<jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>(MRSA) infections are tough owing to its resistance to many antibiotics. Macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B (MLSB) antibiotics are commonly used for the management of MRSA. This study was aimed to determine the occurrence of inducible clindamycin-\u00a0and methicillin-resistant<jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\u00a0at a tertiary care hospital in Kathmandu, Nepal.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 1027 clinical samples were processed following standard laboratory procedures and antibiotic susceptibility testing of<jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>was performed by disc diffusion method. MRSA isolates were detected phenotypically using cefoxitin disc, and inducible clindamycin resistance was detected phenotypically using the D-zone test.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Of 1027 samples, 321 (31.2%) were culture positive, of which 38 (11.8%) were<jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>. All<jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>isolates were susceptible to vancomycin, and 25 (67%) of<jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>isolates were multidrug-resistant. Similarly, 15 (39.5%) of<jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>were MRSA and 14 (36.5%) were inducible clindamycin-resistant phenotypes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Inducible clindamycin and methicillin resistance were common in<jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>. This emphasizes that the methicillin resistance test and the D-zone test should be incorporated into the routine antibiotic susceptibility testing in hospital settings.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s41182-021-00392-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,27]],"date-time":"2021-12-27T11:05:55Z","timestamp":1640603155000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Staphylococcus aureus with inducible clindamycin resistance and methicillin resistance in a tertiary hospital in Nepal"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"49","author":[{"given":"Devi","family":"Thapa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1375-2538","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Susil","family":"Pyakurel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sabita","family":"Thapa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suresh","family":"Lamsal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mahesh","family":"Chaudhari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nabaraj","family":"Adhikari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3221-5642","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dhiraj","family":"Shrestha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"392_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2020.00663","author":"M Goudarzi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Goudarzi M, Kobayashi N, Dadashi M, Pant\u016f\u010dek R, Nasiri MJ, Fazeli M. 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Informed consent was not required, as the study did not interrupt patients\u2019 routine clinical care. The written permission was obtained from the hospital for the further investigation of the isolates in the hospital setting, and the retrieval of the patients\u2019 demographic data from medical records. The anonymity of the patients\u2019 data was maintained throughout the study and data publication. All the procedures in the study were on par with relevant ethical standards and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration, and its later amendments.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"99"}}