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The World Health Organization (WHO) has highlighted the importance of enhanced sanitation, health education, and Mass Drug Administration (MDA) in the fight against schistosomiasis. These approaches rely on the knowledge and practices of the community to be successful; however, where the community knowledge is low and inappropriate, it hinders intervention efforts. Hence, it is essential to identify barriers and misconceptions related to awareness of schistosomiasis, sources of infection, mode of transmission, symptoms, and control measures.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>This was a mixed-method cross-sectional study involving 1200 pre-school children randomly selected and examined for <jats:italic>Schistosoma mansoni<\/jats:italic> infection using the Kato-Katz technique. All parents\/guardians of selected children were enrolled for a pre-tested questionnaire survey, while 42 were engaged in focus group discussions (FGDs). The level of knowledge and awareness among parents\/guardians about schistosomiasis was evaluated in relation to the infection status of their pre-school children.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Among pre-school children, the prevalence of intestinal schistosomiasis was 45.1% (95%\u00a0CI 41.7\u201348.5). A majority of parents\/guardians (85.5%) had heard about schistosomiasis, and this awareness was associated with the participant\u2019s level of education (OR\u2009=\u20090.16, 95% CI 0.08, 0.34). In addition, a positive association was observed between higher educational attainment and knowledge of the causative agent (OR\u2009=\u20090.69, 95% CI 0.49, 0.96). Low education level was significantly associated with limited knowledge of transmission through lake water contact (OR\u2009=\u20090.71, 95% CI 0.52, 0.97) and infection from the lake (OR\u2009=\u20090.33, 95% CI 0.19, 0.57). Notably, parents\/guardians who have heard of schistosomiasis could not recognize symptoms of <jats:italic>S. mansoni<\/jats:italic> infection, such as abdominal pain (91.8%, 815\/888) and blood in the stool (85.1%, 756\/888). Surprisingly, 49.8% (442\/888) incorrectly identified hematuria (blood in urine), a key sign of <jats:italic>S. haematobium,<\/jats:italic> but not <jats:italic>S. mansoni,<\/jats:italic> in an endemic area for <jats:italic>S. mansoni<\/jats:italic> infection. The majority (82.6%, 734\/888) of parents\/guardians were unaware that dams are potential infection sites, despite 53.9% (479\/888) of their pre-school-aged children testing positive for schistosome infection.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Despite the high level of awareness of intestinal schistosomiasis in the study area, we identified a low level of knowledge regarding its causes, modes of transmission, signs and symptoms and potential sites of transmission within the community. This study emphasizes the need for targeted educational interventions to address the misconceptions and knowledge gaps surrounding intestinal schistosomiasis through tailored community-based programs.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s41182-024-00602-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,14]],"date-time":"2024-05-14T04:17:23Z","timestamp":1715660243000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Barriers and misconceptions hindering reduction of intestinal schistosomiasis in Mbita Sub-County, Western Kenya"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"52","author":[{"given":"Ngetich B.","family":"Cheruiyot","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sachiyo","family":"Nagi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Asena E.","family":"Chadeka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rie","family":"Takeuchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miho","family":"Sassa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bahati","family":"Felix","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Noriko","family":"Kobayashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Taeko","family":"Moriyasu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Janet","family":"Masaku","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gordon","family":"Okomo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Collins","family":"Ouma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Doris","family":"Njomo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sammy M.","family":"Njenga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3881-8337","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shinjiro","family":"Hamano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,14]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"602_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/S0001-706X(00)00122-4","volume":"77","author":"L Chitsulo","year":"2017","unstructured":"Chitsulo L, Engels D, Montresor A, Savioli L. 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Permission was also sought from the Ministry of Health and Ministry of Education sub-county authorities, who were instrumental in the survey operation. Local administrators, including the area chief, were given notification of the study. The school head teachers and committees were informed of the research and briefed on the study\u2019s purpose before its commencement. All the parents\/guardians of the pre-school children signed a written informed consent while pre-school children gave assent to participate before the beginning of the study. Praziquantel prescription (40\u00a0mg\/kg) was administered to all <i>S. mansoni<\/i>-positive children, and those found infected with soil-transmitted helminths were treated with albendazole (400\u00a0mg) following WHO guidelines. A certified clinical officer administered the medication.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"The authors received consent for publication from Kenya Medical Research Institutes.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"38"}}