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Evidence on continuum of care (CoC) completion and its determinants is limited for Xiengkhuang and Huaphanh, two underserved provinces.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A community-based cross-sectional household survey was conducted in February 2023 using stratified three-stage cluster sampling across eight districts. Women aged 15\u201349 with a live birth in the preceding 24\u00a0months were enrolled (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009380). The maternal and newborn health CoC (MNH CoC) required \u2265\u20094 antenatal care (ANC) visits, skilled birth attendance, postnatal care for mother and newborn, and postpartum family planning (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009367). An extended MNCH CoC incorporating six childhood vaccines was assessed among women with a child aged 12\u201323\u00a0months (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009152). Province-stratified multivariable logistic regression models with cluster-robust standard errors were fitted for MNH CoC; a pooled model was used for the extended continuum.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Overall, 36.2% completed the MNH CoC and 22.4% completed the extended MNCH CoC. Completion was higher in Xiengkhuang than Huaphanh (MNH CoC: 49.7% vs. 22.2%; extended: 28.9% vs. 14.5%). In Xiengkhuang, Tai Folk or other religious affiliation (vs. Buddhist) was associated with lower MNH CoC completion (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 0.10, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.01\u20130.66). In Huaphanh, ethnic-minority status (AOR 0.17, 95% CI 0.03\u20130.96) and living 6\u201310\u00a0km (AOR 0.16, 95% CI 0.03\u20130.94) or &gt;\u200910\u00a0km (AOR 0.13, 95% CI 0.02\u20130.83) from the nearest health facility were independently associated with lower completion. For the extended MNCH CoC, ANC initiation at \u2265\u20093\u00a0months was associated with lower completion (AOR 0.27, 95% CI 0.10\u20130.70).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>MNCH CoC completion was low and differed markedly by province, reflecting local socioeconomic and geographic disparities. Determinants varied by context, underscoring the need for province-tailored strategies. Across the extended continuum, late ANC initiation was a key barrier, highlighting first-trimester engagement as a programmatic priority. Addressing structural and socio-cultural barriers and strengthening linkage from delivery to postnatal and child health services are critical to improving continuity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s41182-026-01066-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T03:32:21Z","timestamp":1788492741000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Maternal, newborn, and child health continuum of care: completion and associated factors in Xiengkhuang and Huaphanh, Lao PDR"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"54","author":[{"given":"Hyejung","family":"Han","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Khammany","family":"Phommachanh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9682-894X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sung Hye","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"1066_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1358","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)61578-5","volume":"370","author":"KJ Kerber","year":"2007","unstructured":"Kerber KJ, de Graft-Johnson JE, Bhutta ZA, Okong P, Starrs A, Lawn JE. 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