{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T20:23:20Z","timestamp":1793132600767,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,17]],"date-time":"2025-02-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1739750400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,17]],"date-time":"2025-02-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1739750400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Department of Science and Technology - Philippine Council for Health Research and Development"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["3D Print Med"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s41205-025-00253-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,17]],"date-time":"2025-02-17T20:01:44Z","timestamp":1739822504000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Assessing the landscape of clinical and observational trials involving bioprinting: a scoping review"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-0550-1853","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yumi","family":"Briones","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-7536-6041","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Beatrice","family":"Pascua","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-2450-518X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Narra","family":"Tiangco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-2560-8455","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Isabel","family":"Crisostomo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-7795-7318","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Samantha","family":"Casiguran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1644-6464","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roland","family":"Remenyi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"253_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1007\/s40883-021-00219-w","volume":"8","author":"A Parihar","year":"2022","unstructured":"Parihar A, Pandita V, Kumar A. 3D Printing: Advancement in Biogenerative Engineering to Combat Shortage of Organs and Bioapplicable Materials. Regen Eng Transl Med. 2022;8:173\u201399. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40883-021-00219-w.","journal-title":"Regen Eng Transl Med."},{"issue":"9","key":"253_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1011","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medj.2021.08.005","volume":"2","author":"S Bose","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bose S, Clevers H, Shen X. Promises and challenges of organoid-guided precision medicine. Med. 2021;2(9):1011\u201326. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.medj.2021.08.005.","journal-title":"Med."},{"issue":"3","key":"253_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1557\/mrc.2017.58","volume":"7","author":"C Mandrycky","year":"2017","unstructured":"Mandrycky C, Phong K, Zheng Y. Tissue engineering toward organ-specific regeneration and disease modeling. MRS Commun. 2017;7(3):332\u201347.","journal-title":"MRS Commun."},{"issue":"2","key":"253_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tibtech.2003.12.001","volume":"22","author":"I Martin","year":"2004","unstructured":"Martin I, Wendt D, Heberer M. The role of bioreactors in tissue engineering. Trends Biotechnol. 2004;22(2):80\u20136.","journal-title":"Trends Biotechnol."},{"issue":"1","key":"253_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287-024-03712-5","volume":"15","author":"Y Zhan","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhan Y, Jiang W, Liu Z, Wang Z, Guo K, Sun J. Utilizing bioprinting to engineer spatially organized tissues from the bottom-up. Stem Cell Res Ther. 2024;15(1):101.","journal-title":"Stem Cell Res Ther."},{"issue":"10","key":"253_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1775","DOI":"10.1038\/nprot.2016.123","volume":"11","author":"A Khademhosseini","year":"2016","unstructured":"Khademhosseini A, Langer R. A decade of progress in tissue engineering. Nat Protoc. 2016;11(10):1775\u201381.","journal-title":"Nat Protoc."},{"issue":"2","key":"253_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1111\/bioe.12414","volume":"32","author":"F Gilbert","year":"2018","unstructured":"Gilbert F, Via\u00f1a JNM, O\u2019Connell CD, Dodds S. Enthusiastic portrayal of 3D bioprinting in the media: Ethical side effects. Bioethics. 2018;32(2):94\u2013102.","journal-title":"Bioethics."},{"issue":"7","key":"253_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"700","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2021.05.001","volume":"27","author":"FE Freeman","year":"2021","unstructured":"Freeman FE, Burdis R, Kelly DJ. Printing new bones: from print-and-implant devices to bioprinted bone organ precursors. Trends Mol Med. 2021;27(7):700\u201311.","journal-title":"Trends Mol Med."},{"issue":"8","key":"253_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2649","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.b.34354","volume":"107","author":"T Lam","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lam T, Dehne T, Kr\u00fcger JP, Hondke S, Endres M, Thomas A, et al. Photopolymerizable gelatin and hyaluronic acid for stereolithographic 3D bioprinting of tissue-engineered cartilage. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater. 2019;107(8):2649\u201357.","journal-title":"J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater."},{"issue":"1","key":"253_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12307","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-29968-5","volume":"8","author":"JH Kim","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kim JH, Seol YJ, Ko IK, Kang HW, Lee YK, Yoo JJ, et al. 3D bioprinted human skeletal muscle constructs for muscle function restoration. Sci Rep. 2018;8(1):12307.","journal-title":"Sci Rep."},{"issue":"1","key":"253_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13532","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-31848-x","volume":"8","author":"F Maiullari","year":"2018","unstructured":"Maiullari F, Costantini M, Milan M, Pace V, Chiriv\u00ec M, Maiullari S, et al. A multi-cellular 3D bioprinting approach for vascularized heart tissue engineering based on HUVECs and iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes. Sci Rep. 2018;8(1):13532.","journal-title":"Sci Rep."},{"issue":"9","key":"253_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1930","DOI":"10.1097\/GOX.0000000000001930","volume":"6","author":"P Apelgren","year":"2018","unstructured":"Apelgren P, Amoroso M, S\u00e4lj\u00f6 K, Lindahl A, Brantsing C, Orrhult LS, et al. Skin grafting on 3D bioprinted cartilage constructs in vivo. Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open. 2018;6(9):e1930.","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open."},{"key":"253_CR13","first-page":"377","volume":"27","author":"T Wang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wang T, Li W, Zhang Y, Xu X, Qiang L, Miao W, et al. Bioprinted constructs that simulate nerve-bone crosstalk to improve microenvironment for bone repair. Bioact Mater. 2023;27:377\u201393.","journal-title":"Bioact Mater."},{"key":"253_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mazzocchi A, Soker S, Skardal A. 3D bioprinting for high-throughput screening: Drug screening, disease modeling, and precision medicine applications. Appl Phys Rev. 2019;6(1):011302-1\u201312.","DOI":"10.1063\/1.5056188"},{"issue":"5","key":"253_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0216564","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0216564","volume":"14","author":"ME Bregenzer","year":"2019","unstructured":"Bregenzer ME, Horst EN, Mehta P, Novak CM, Raghavan S, Snyder CS, et al. Integrated cancer tissue engineering models for precision medicine. PLoS ONE. 2019;14(5):e0216564.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE."},{"issue":"7","key":"253_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0158674","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0158674","volume":"11","author":"DG Nguyen","year":"2016","unstructured":"Nguyen DG, Funk J, Robbins JB, Crogan-Grundy C, Presnell SC, Singer T, et al. Bioprinted 3D primary liver tissues allow assessment of organ-level response to clinical drug induced toxicity in vitro. PLoS ONE. 2016;11(7):e0158674.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE."},{"issue":"1","key":"253_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8837","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-08879-x","volume":"7","author":"A Skardal","year":"2017","unstructured":"Skardal A, Murphy SV, Devarasetty M, Mead I, Kang HW, Seol YJ, et al. Multi-tissue interactions in an integrated three-tissue organ-on-a-chip platform. Sci Rep. 2017;7(1):8837.","journal-title":"Sci Rep."},{"key":"253_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1169893","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2023.1169893","volume":"11","author":"Z Ding","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ding Z, Tang N, Huang J, Cao X, Wu S. Global hotspots and emerging trends in 3D bioprinting research. Front Bioeng Biotechnol. 2023;11:1169893.","journal-title":"Front Bioeng Biotechnol."},{"issue":"19","key":"253_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10547","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrev.9b00789","volume":"120","author":"C Mota","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mota C, Camarero-Espinosa S, Baker MB, Wieringa P, Moroni L. Bioprinting: from tissue and organ development to in vitro models. Chem Rev. 2020;120(19):10547\u2013607.","journal-title":"Chem Rev."},{"issue":"21","key":"253_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4966","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10214966","volume":"10","author":"G Saini","year":"2021","unstructured":"Saini G, Segaran N, Mayer JL, Saini A, Albadawi H, Oklu R. Applications of 3D bioprinting in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. J Clin Med. 2021;10(21):4966.","journal-title":"J Clin Med."},{"key":"253_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lee SJ, Jeong W, Atala A. 3D Bioprinting for Engineered Tissue Constructs and Patient-Specific Models: Current Progress and Prospects in Clinical Applications. Adv Mater. 2024;36(49):2408032.","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202408032"},{"issue":"7","key":"253_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.7326\/M18-0850","volume":"169","author":"AC Tricco","year":"2018","unstructured":"Tricco AC, Lillie E, Zarin W, O\u2019Brien KK, Colquhoun H, Levac D, et al. PRISMA extension for scoping reviews (PRISMA-ScR): checklist and explanation. Ann Intern Med. 2018;169(7):467\u201373.","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med."},{"key":"253_CR23","unstructured":"Department of Health and Human Services. Clinical Trials Registration and Results Information Submission. 2016. https:\/\/www.federalregister.gov\/documents\/2016\/09\/21\/2016-22129\/clinical-trials-registration-and-results-information-submission. Accessed 27 Oct 2024."},{"key":"253_CR24","unstructured":"National Institutes of Health. NOT-OD-15-015: Notice of Revised NIH Definition of Clinical Trial. https:\/\/grants.nih.gov\/grants\/guide\/notice-files\/NOT-OD-15-015.html. Accessed 06 Nov 2024."},{"key":"253_CR25","unstructured":"National Library of Medicine. About ClinicalTrials.gov | ClinicalTrials.gov. https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/about-site\/about-ctg. Accessed 27 Oct 2024."},{"key":"253_CR26","unstructured":"World Health Organization. ICRTP Registry Network. https:\/\/www.who.int\/clinical-trials-registry-platform\/network. Accessed 22 Jul 2024."},{"key":"253_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107042","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cct.2022.107042","volume":"125","author":"J Sadek","year":"2023","unstructured":"Sadek J, Inskip A, Woltmann J, Wilkins G, Marshall C, Pokora M, et al. ScanMedicine: An online search system for medical innovation. Contemp Clin Trials. 2023;125:107042.","journal-title":"Contemp Clin Trials."},{"key":"253_CR28","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Primary registries in the WHO registry network. https:\/\/www.who.int\/clinical-trials-registry-platform\/network\/primary-registries. Accessed 22 Jul 2024."},{"issue":"1","key":"253_CR29","first-page":"38","volume":"25","author":"K Dickersin","year":"2002","unstructured":"Dickersin K, Manheimer E, Wieland S, Robinson KA, Lefebvre C, McDonald S, et al. Development of the Cochrane Collaboration\u2019s CENTRAL Register of controlled clinical trials. Eval Health Prof. 2002;25(1):38\u201364.","journal-title":"Eval Health Prof."},{"issue":"1","key":"253_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"858","DOI":"10.1186\/s13063-022-06569-2","volume":"23","author":"G Gresham","year":"2022","unstructured":"Gresham G, Meinert JL, Gresham AG, Piantadosi S, Meinert CL. Update on the clinical trial landscape: analysis of ClinicalTrials.gov registration data, 2000\u20132020. Trials. 2022;23(1):858.","journal-title":"Trials."},{"key":"253_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13643-016-0384-4","volume":"5","author":"M Ouzzani","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ouzzani M, Hammady H, Fedorowicz Z, Elmagarmid A. Rayyan-a web and mobile app for systematic reviews. Syst Rev. 2016;5:1\u201310.","journal-title":"Syst Rev."},{"issue":"2","key":"253_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2304460","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202304460","volume":"11","author":"H Sun","year":"2024","unstructured":"Sun H, Sun L, Ke X, Liu L, Li C, Jin B, et al. Prediction of Clinical Precision Chemotherapy by Patient-Derived 3D Bioprinting Models of Colorectal Cancer and Its Liver Metastases. Adv Sci. 2024;11(2):2304460.","journal-title":"Adv Sci."},{"key":"253_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sun H, Wang Y, Sun M, Ke X, Li C, Jin B, et al. Developing Patient-Derived 3D-Bioprinting models of pancreatic cancer. J Adv Res. 2024; September 14.\u00a0https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S2090123224004132.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jare.2024.09.011"},{"key":"253_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1217655","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2023.1217655","volume":"11","author":"M Abellan Lopez","year":"2023","unstructured":"Abellan Lopez M, Hutter L, Pagin E, V\u00e9lier M, V\u00e9ran J, Giraudo L, et al. In vivo efficacy proof of concept of a large-size bioprinted dermo-epidermal substitute for permanent wound coverage. Front Bioeng Biotechnol. 2023;11:1217655.","journal-title":"Front Bioeng Biotechnol."},{"key":"253_CR35","unstructured":"3DBio Therapeutics. Aurinovo 3D-Bioprinted Ear Implant: A first-of-its-kind approach for ear reconstruction in microtia. https:\/\/mms.businesswire.com\/media\/20220602005051\/en\/1473688\/1\/3DBio_AuriNovo.pdf. Accessed 06 Nov 2024."},{"issue":"1","key":"253_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1177\/15347346211045625","volume":"23","author":"R Kesavan","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kesavan R, Sheela Sasikumar C, Narayanamurthy V, Rajagopalan A, Kim J. Management of diabetic foot ulcer with MA-ECM (minimally manipulated autologous extracellular matrix) using 3D bioprinting technology-an innovative approach. Int J Lower Extrem Wounds. 2024;23(1):161\u20138.","journal-title":"Int J Lower Extrem Wounds."},{"key":"253_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"796","DOI":"10.1007\/s10439-015-1280-0","volume":"43","author":"L Lu","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lu L, Arbit HM, Herrick JL, Segovis SG, Maran A, Yaszemski MJ. Tissue engineered constructs: perspectives on clinical translation. Ann Biomed Eng. 2015;43:796\u2013804.","journal-title":"Ann Biomed Eng."},{"issue":"12","key":"253_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1038\/s41568-022-00514-w","volume":"22","author":"L Neufeld","year":"2022","unstructured":"Neufeld L, Yeini E, Pozzi S, Satchi-Fainaro R. 3D bioprinted cancer models: from basic biology to drug development. Nat Rev Cancer. 2022;22(12):679\u201392.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cancer."},{"issue":"3","key":"253_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1016\/j.burns.2009.07.012","volume":"36","author":"VC Van der Veen","year":"2010","unstructured":"Van der Veen VC, van der Wal MB, van Leeuwen MC, Ulrich MM, Middelkoop E. Biological background of dermal substitutes. Burns. 2010;36(3):305\u201321.","journal-title":"Burns."},{"issue":"9","key":"253_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1038\/s41573-022-00476-6","volume":"21","author":"CJ Bashor","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bashor CJ, Hilton IB, Bandukwala H, Smith DM, Veiseh O. Engineering the next generation of cell-based therapeutics. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2022;21(9):655\u201375.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Drug Discov."},{"issue":"1","key":"253_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1089\/ten.teb.2022.0094","volume":"29","author":"K Joyce","year":"2023","unstructured":"Joyce K, Buljovcic Z, Rosic G, Kaszkin-Bettag M, Pandit A. Issues with tissues: Trends in tissue-engineered products in clinical trials in the European union. Tissue Eng B Rev. 2023;29(1):78\u201388.","journal-title":"Tissue Eng B Rev."},{"issue":"6","key":"253_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1089\/ten.tec.2018.0318","volume":"25","author":"K Derr","year":"2019","unstructured":"Derr K, Zou J, Luo K, Song MJ, Sittampalam GS, Zhou C, et al. Fully three-dimensional bioprinted skin equivalent constructs with validated morphology and barrier function. Tissue Eng C Methods. 2019;25(6):334\u201343.","journal-title":"Tissue Eng C Methods."},{"key":"253_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"s41038","DOI":"10.1186\/s41038-019-0142-7","volume":"7","author":"M Varkey","year":"2019","unstructured":"Varkey M, Visscher DO, Van Zuijlen PP, Atala A, Yoo JJ. Skin bioprinting: the future of burn wound reconstruction? Burns Trauma. 2019;7:s41038-019.","journal-title":"Burns Trauma."},{"issue":"1","key":"253_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1038\/s43856-024-00438-6","volume":"4","author":"R Ikeguchi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ikeguchi R, Aoyama T, Noguchi T, Ushimaru M, Amino Y, Nakakura A, et al. Peripheral nerve regeneration following scaffold-free conduit transplant of autologous dermal fibroblasts: a non-randomised safety and feasibility trial. Commun Med. 2024;4(1):12.","journal-title":"Commun Med."},{"issue":"12","key":"253_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.4103\/1947-2714.123266","volume":"5","author":"A Aslam","year":"2013","unstructured":"Aslam A, Imanullah S, Asim M, El-Menyar A. Registration of clinical trials: is it really needed? N Am J Med Sci. 2013;5(12):713.","journal-title":"N Am J Med Sci."}],"container-title":["3D Printing in Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s41205-025-00253-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s41205-025-00253-2\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s41205-025-00253-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,17]],"date-time":"2025-02-17T20:01:53Z","timestamp":1739822513000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/threedmedprint.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s41205-025-00253-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,17]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["253"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s41205-025-00253-2","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-4919310\/v1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2365-6271"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2365-6271","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,17]]},"assertion":[{"value":"15 August 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"1 February 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"17 February 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"5"}}