{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T21:56:17Z","timestamp":1781646977178,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,3]],"date-time":"2026-04-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775174400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":2,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["3D Print Med"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study investigates a 3D printed, noninvasive headrest that was designed for use in orbital and skull base surgeries and compares the stability of this innovative headrest to conventional head immobilization devices using accelerometer-based measurements.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A 3D model of a headrest was developed using two plastic materials: polyethylene terephthalate glycol (PETG) and thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU). Stability, in g-force, was measured for these headrests, Gel Head Donut Adult Blue Diamond\n                      <jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup>\n                      , and a no headrest condition. A non-embalmed cadaver\u2019s head was placed in each headrest condition and subjected to controlled oscillations using Bellco Glass\u2019 Orbital Shaker. Acceleration data were recorded over a 3-second interval.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The average acceleration, measured in g-force (g), over 3\u00a0s for each headrest configuration was: (1) no headrest: 0.068116\u00a0g\u2009\u00b1\u20090.058498, (2) Gel Donut head immobilizer: 0.064223\u00a0g\u2009\u00b1\u20090.027463, (3) PETG headrest: 0.053331\u00a0g\u2009\u00b1\u20090.037782, and (4) TPU headrest: 0.056254\u00a0g\u2009\u00b1\u20090.032200. The PETG headrest showed a 21.71% improvement over no headrest and a 16.96% improvement over the gel donut headrest in maintaining head stability. And the TPU headrest showed a 17.41% improvement over no headrest and a 12.41% improvement over the gel donut headrest in maintaining head stability.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The PETG and TPU headrest provided greater stability compared to the commonly used Gel Head Donut headrest and in the absence of a headrest. This study suggests that the design of this headrest offers a potential noninvasive head stability device, regardless of material composition, that may improve the safety and efficacy of orbital and skull base surgery.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s41205-026-00322-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T17:19:22Z","timestamp":1775063962000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A novel 3D-printed noninvasive immobilizer for head stability during surgery of the orbit and skull base"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Joseph P.","family":"Miller","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Teresa H.","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeremiah P.","family":"Tao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"322_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1324","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0b013e31823bea54","volume":"32","author":"CA McCannel","year":"2012","unstructured":"McCannel CA, Olson EJ, Donaldson MJ, Bakri SJ, Pulido JS, Mueller D. Snoring is associated with unexpected patient head movement during monitored anesthesia care vitreoretinal surgery. Retina. 2012;32:1324\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/IAE.0b013e31823bea54.","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"322_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ebrahimi A, Urias M, Patel N, et al. Towards securing the sclera against patient involuntary head movement in robotic retinal surgery. ROMAN. 2019;2019. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ro-man46459.2019.8956341.","DOI":"10.1109\/ro-man46459.2019.8956341"},{"key":"322_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1016\/S0952-8180(01)00296-3","volume":"13","author":"AP Boezaart","year":"2001","unstructured":"Boezaart AP, Berry RA, Nell ML, van Dyk AL. A comparison of propofol and remifentanil for sedation and limitation of movement during periretrobulbar block. 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The ability of external immobilizers to restrict movement of the cervical spine: a systematic review. 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