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However, receiving maternal Igs, especially before the blood\u2013brain barrier\u00a0(BBB) is formed in the offspring\u2019s brain, carries the risk of transferring some brain-reactive Igs. It is thus hypothesized that there may be some unknown benefit to the offspring\u2019s brain that overweighs this risk. In this study, we show that the Ig detected in the embryonic\/perinatal mouse brain is IgG not produced by the pups themselves, but is basically transferred from the mother across the placenta using the neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) during embryonic stages. The amount of IgG in the brain gradually decreases after birth, and almost disappears within 3\u00a0weeks postnatally. IgG is detected on axon bundles, microglia, and some meningeal cells, including border-associated macrophages (BAMs), endothelial cells, and fibroblasts. Using <jats:italic>Fcer1g<\/jats:italic> knock-out (KO) mice, we show that BAMs and microglia receive maternal IgG in an Fc receptor \u03b3 chain (FcR\u03b3)-dependent manner, but IgG on other meningeal cells and axon bundles is received independently of the FcR\u03b3. These results suggest that maternal IgG may be used in multiple ways by different mechanisms. In maternal IgG-deficient mice, the number of interneurons in the cerebral cortex is not altered around birth but is reduced postnatally, suggesting that receipt of maternal IgG is necessary for the maintenance of cortical interneurons in the postnatal period. These data suggest that maternal IgG has an important function in the developing brain, where neither obvious inflammation nor infection is observed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1186\/s41232-024-00336-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,15]],"date-time":"2024-05-15T11:01:31Z","timestamp":1715770891000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Maternal immunoglobulins are distributed in the offspring\u2019s brain to support the maintenance of cortical interneurons in the postnatal period"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"Keiko","family":"Morimoto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rikuo","family":"Takahashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Goro","family":"Takahashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michio","family":"Miyajima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazunori","family":"Nakajima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,15]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"336_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0897.1996.tb00172.x","volume":"36","author":"A Malek","year":"1996","unstructured":"Malek A, Sager R, Kuhn P, Nicolaides KH, Schneider H. 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