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Bone has a higher regenerative capacity than other tissues, with abundant mesenchymal progenitor cells in the bone marrow, periosteum, and surrounding muscle. However, the treatment of bone fractures is not always successful; a marked number of clinical case reports have described nonunion or delayed healing for various reasons. Supplementation of exogenous stem cells by stem cell therapy is anticipated to improve treatment outcomes; however, there are several drawbacks including the need for special devices for the expansion of stem cells outside the body, low rate of cell viability in the body after transplantation, and oncological complications. The use of endogenous stem\/progenitor cells, instead of exogenous cells, would be a possible solution, but it is unclear how these cells migrate towards the injury site.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The chemoattractant capacity of the elastin microfibril interface located protein 2 (Emilin2), generated by macrophages, was identified by the migration assay and LC\u2013MS\/MS. The functions of Emilin2 in bone regeneration were further studied using <jats:italic>Emilin2<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>\u2013\/\u2013<\/jats:sup> mice.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The results show that in response to bone injury, there was an increase in Emilin2, an ECM protein. Produced by macrophages, Emilin2 exhibited chemoattractant properties towards mesenchymal cells. <jats:italic>Emilin2<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>\u2013\/\u2013<\/jats:sup> mice underwent delayed bone regeneration, with a decrease in mesenchymal cells after injury. Local administration of recombinant Emilin2 protein enhanced bone regeneration.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Emilin2 plays a crucial role in bone regeneration by increasing mesenchymal cells. Therefore, Emilin2 can be used for the treatment of bone fracture by recruiting endogenous progenitor cells.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s41232-024-00341-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,3]],"date-time":"2024-06-03T04:01:28Z","timestamp":1717387288000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Emilin2 marks the target region for mesenchymal cell accumulation in bone regeneration"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"Yifan","family":"Qing","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Takehito","family":"Ono","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yukihiro","family":"Kohara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Atsushi","family":"Watanabe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Noboru","family":"Ogiso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Masako","family":"Ito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tomoki","family":"Nakashima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sunao","family":"Takeshita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,3]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"341_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3694","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-11665-0","volume":"10","author":"JY Kim","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kim JY, Ohn J, Yoon JS, Kang BM, Park M, Kim S, et al. 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These mice were also maintained at Tokyo Medical and Dental University under specific pathogen-free conditions. All the animal experiments were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee and Genetically Modified Organisms Safety Committee of Tokyo Medical and Dental University (approval No. A2023-026C and G2023-011C, respectively) and conducted in accordance with the guidelines concerning the management and handling of experimental animals.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"27"}}