{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,26]],"date-time":"2026-10-26T02:31:47Z","timestamp":1792981907849,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,10]],"date-time":"2025-04-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1744243200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,10]],"date-time":"2025-04-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1744243200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Inflamm Regener"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Wound healing is a complex physiological process essential for restoring tissue integrity following various injuries, ranging from minor, everyday incidents to post-surgical complications. Emerging studies have demonstrated that lactic acid bacteria (LAB) can offer benefits beyond gut health, extending their positive effects on skin health. This study investigated the potential of\n                      <jats:italic>Lactobacillus reuteri<\/jats:italic>\n                      NCHBL-005, a honeybee-derived probiotic strain, to enhance fibroblast-mediated wound healing.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>L929 cells and mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) were utilized as models to specifically target fibroblasts. To assess the wound healing potential in vitro, a scratch assay was performed, providing insights into wound closure. Additionally, we created wound models in mice to evaluate the in vivo effects of the treatment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Our results showed that\n                      <jats:italic>L. reuteri<\/jats:italic>\n                      NCHBL-005 significantly accelerated wound closure in L929 fibroblast compared to other lactobacilli and exhibited superior efficacy in activating the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. Through MAPK inhibition assays, we confirmed that the wound healing effects of\n                      <jats:italic>L. reuteri<\/jats:italic>\n                      NCHBL-005 were MAPK-dependent, promoting fibroblast proliferation and differentiation. Notably,\n                      <jats:italic>L. reuteri<\/jats:italic>\n                      NCHBL-005 treatment did not facilitate wound healing in MEF cells derived from Toll-like-receptor 2 knockout (TLR2\n                      <jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                      ) mice, highlighting the critical role of TLR2 in this mechanism. In vivo studies further corroborated these findings, in which topical administration of\n                      <jats:italic>L. reuteri<\/jats:italic>\n                      NCHBL-005 enhanced wound healing and stimulated fibroblast proliferation and activation, as confirmed by histopathological analysis.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      These findings revealed that\n                      <jats:italic>L. reuteri<\/jats:italic>\n                      NCHBL-005 activates fibroblasts through TLR2 stimulation and subsequent MAPK pathway activation, suggesting its potential as a promising therapeutic candidate for wound management.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s41232-025-00370-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,10]],"date-time":"2025-04-10T05:12:51Z","timestamp":1744261971000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Lactobacillus reuteri NCHBL-005 improves wound healing by promoting the activation of fibroblasts through TLR2\/MAPK signaling"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"45","author":[{"given":"Dong-Yeon","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tae-Sung","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yun-Ji","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"So-Yeon","family":"Ahn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Byeongsam","family":"Chu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Do-Hyeon","family":"Jung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yeong-Jun","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"In-Su","family":"Seo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wan-Gyu","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Young Jin","family":"Cho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jung Joo","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jong-Hwan","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,10]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"370_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"985","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2020.11.010","volume":"141","author":"M Wlaschek","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wlaschek M, Maity P, Makrantonaki E, Scharffetter-Kochanek K. 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