{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,10]],"date-time":"2026-11-10T17:43:49Z","timestamp":1794332629569,"version":"4.9.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,5]],"date-time":"2025-08-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754352000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,5]],"date-time":"2025-08-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754352000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000006","name":"Office of Naval Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["N00014-21-1-2949"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N00014-21-1-2949"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000006","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000006","name":"Office of Naval Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["N00014-21-1-2580"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N00014-21-1-2580"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000006","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cogn. Research"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This work examines the influence of clutter when presenting information with a head-mounted display (HMD). We compare clutter costs when displays overlay a real-world scene to the costs of visual scanning required when displays are presented separately. Using an HMD in safety\u2013critical environments reduces repetitive visual scanning and head movements that can become effortful with separate displays, such as a tablet. However, a trade-off occurs with overlay displays when low visibility information in the scene is needed or when perceiving text and symbols on the display requires high visual acuity. To examine this scan\u2013clutter tradeoff, participants performed tasks requiring focused attention on either the scene or the display. The HMD either overlaid the critical aspects of the scene or was presented adjacent to the scene. The amount of clutter in both domains was quantified and manipulated. The HMD overlay and adjacent conditions showed similar performance for accuracy, but the overlay condition hindered tasks requiring focused attention on the scene. Perceiving clutter as perceptually closer was attributed to a biological tendency to prioritize information closer to the observer, which disproportionately harmed attention to scene information. Increasing clutter in both domains caused an increasing cost to both speed and accuracy. The results speak favorably to using an HMD, but signal the need to be cautious of the negative effects of clutter in either domain. These results highlight the importance of carefully designing HMDs to minimize clutter, especially when scene information is required.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1186\/s41235-025-00650-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,5]],"date-time":"2025-08-05T17:19:41Z","timestamp":1754414381000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Clutter costs in head-mounted displays: a study examining trade-offs between overlay and adjacent presentation of information"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Amelia C.","family":"Warden","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher D.","family":"Wickens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Rehberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benjamin A.","family":"Clegg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francisco R.","family":"Ortega","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,5]]},"reference":[{"issue":"10","key":"650_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2736","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ultrasmedbio.2019.04.026","volume":"45","author":"G Ameri","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ameri, G., Rankin, A., Baxter, J. S., Moore, J., Ganapathy, S., Peters, T. M., & Chen, E. C. (2019). Development and evaluation of an augmented reality ultrasound guidance system for spinal anesthesia: Preliminary results. Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology, 45(10), 2736\u20132746.","journal-title":"Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology"},{"issue":"2","key":"650_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2006.11.060","volume":"35","author":"N Archip","year":"2007","unstructured":"Archip, N., Clatz, O., Whalen, S., Kacher, D., Fedorov, A., Kot, A., Chrisochoides, N., Jolesz, F., Golby, A., Black, P. M., & Warfield, S. K. (2007). Non-rigid alignment of pre-operative MRI, fMRI, and DT-MRI with intra-operative MRI for enhanced visualization and navigation in image-guided neurosurgery. NeuroImage, 35(2), 609\u2013624.","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"issue":"5","key":"650_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3588","DOI":"10.1109\/TITS.2023.3327494","volume":"25","author":"G Arvanitis","year":"2023","unstructured":"Arvanitis, G., Stagakis, N., Zacharaki, E. I., & Moustakas, K. (2023). Cooperative saliency-based pothole detection and ar rendering for increased situational awareness. IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems, 25(5), 3588\u20133604.","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems"},{"issue":"8","key":"650_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.3390\/educsci11080448","volume":"11","author":"K Aylward","year":"2021","unstructured":"Aylward, K., Dahlman, J., Nordby, K., & Lundh, M. (2021). Using operational scenarios in a virtual reality enhanced design process. Education Sciences, 11(8), 448. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/educsci11080448","journal-title":"Education Sciences"},{"issue":"4","key":"650_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"552","DOI":"10.7334\/psicothema2016.383","volume":"29","author":"MJ Blanca Mena","year":"2017","unstructured":"Blanca Mena, M. J., Alarc\u00f3n Postigo, R., Arnau Gras, J., Bono Cabr\u00e9, R., & Bendayan, R. (2017). Non-normal data: Is ANOVA still a valid option? Psicothema, 29(4), 552\u2013557.","journal-title":"Psicothema"},{"issue":"12","key":"650_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1076","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2018.09.004","volume":"22","author":"RJ Bufacchi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Bufacchi, R. J., & Iannetti, G. D. (2018). An action field theory of peripersonal space. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 22(12), 1076\u20131090.","journal-title":"Trends in Cognitive Sciences"},{"key":"650_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aanat.2020.151463","volume":"229","author":"D Chytas","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chytas, D., Johnson, E. O., Piagkou, M., Mazarakis, A., Babis, G. C., Chronopoulos, E., Nikolaou, V. S., Lazaridis, N., & Natsis, K. (2020). The role of augmented reality in anatomical education: An overview. Annals of Anatomy-Anatomischer Anzeiger, 229, Article 151463.","journal-title":"Annals of Anatomy-Anatomischer Anzeiger"},{"key":"650_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Cutting, J. E., & Vishton, P. M. (1995). Perceiving layout and knowing distances: The integration, relative potency, and contextual use of different information about depth. In Perception of space and motion, pp. 69\u2013117. Academic Press. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/B978-012240530-3\/50005-5","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-012240530-3\/50005-5"},{"key":"650_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.3389\/frobt.2018.00037","volume":"5","author":"A Dey","year":"2018","unstructured":"Dey, A., Billinghurst, M., Lindeman, R. W., & Swan, J. E. (2018). A systematic review of 10 years of augmented reality usability studies: 2005 to 2014. Frontiers in Robotics and AI, 5, 37. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/frobt.2018.00037","journal-title":"Frontiers in Robotics and AI"},{"key":"650_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4271\/2000-01-5542","author":"S Fadden","year":"2000","unstructured":"Fadden, S., Wickens, C. D., & Ververs, P. (2000). Costs and benefits of head up displays: An attention perspective and a meta analysis. SAE Technical Papers Series. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4271\/2000-01-5542","journal-title":"SAE Technical Papers Series"},{"key":"650_CR601","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fadden, S., Ververs, P. M., & Wickens, C. D. (2001). Pathway HUDs: are they viable?. Human Factors, 43(2), 173-193","DOI":"10.1518\/001872001775900841"},{"key":"650_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2013.03.006","volume":"31","author":"D Fonseca","year":"2014","unstructured":"Fonseca, D., Mart\u00ed, N., Redondo, E., Navarro, I., & S\u00e1nchez, A. (2014). Relationship between student profile, tool use, participation, and academic performance with the use of Augmented Reality technology for visualized architecture models. Computers in Human Behavior, 31, 434\u2013445.","journal-title":"Computers in Human Behavior"},{"key":"650_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Henderson, J. M., Chanceaux, M., & Smith, T. J. (2009). The influence of clutter on real-world scene search: Evidence from search efficiency and eye movements. Journal of Vision, 9(1), Article 32. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1167\/9.1.32","DOI":"10.1167\/9.1.32"},{"key":"650_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jeffri, N. F. S., & Rambli, D. R. A. (2021). A review of augmented reality systems and their effects on mental workload and task performance.\u00a0Heliyon,\u00a07(3).","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2021.e06277"},{"issue":"11","key":"650_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1007","DOI":"10.3357\/ASEM.2319.2008","volume":"79","author":"DB Kaber","year":"2008","unstructured":"Kaber, D. B., Alexander, A. L., Stelzer, E. M., Kim, S. H., Kaufmann, K., & Hsiang, S. (2008). Perceived clutter in advanced cockpit displays: Measurement and modeling with experienced pilots. Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine, 79(11), 1007\u20131018. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3357\/ASEM.2319.2008","journal-title":"Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine"},{"issue":"5","key":"650_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1051","DOI":"10.1587\/transinf.E94.D.1051","volume":"94","author":"KH Kim","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kim, K. H., & Wohn, K. Y. (2011). Effects on productivity and safety of map and augmented reality navigation paradigms. IEICE Transactions on Information and Systems, 94(5), 1051\u20131061.","journal-title":"IEICE Transactions on Information and Systems"},{"issue":"2","key":"650_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1167\/5.2.2","volume":"5","author":"DC Knill","year":"2005","unstructured":"Knill, D. C. (2005). Reaching for visual cues to depth: The brain combines depth cues differently for motor control and perception. Journal of Vision, 5(2), 2\u20132. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1167\/5.2.2","journal-title":"Journal of Vision"},{"issue":"1","key":"650_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1075\/idj.11.1.06kro","volume":"11","author":"P Kroft","year":"2002","unstructured":"Kroft, P., & Wickens, C. D. (2002). Displaying multi-domain graphical databases: An evaluation of scanning clutter, display size, and user activity. Information Design Journal, 11(1), 44\u201352. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1075\/idj.11.1.06kro","journal-title":"Information Design Journal"},{"key":"650_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kuznetsova, A., Brockhoff, P. B., & Christensen, R. H. B. (2017). lmerTest package: Tests in linear mixed effects models. Journal of Statistical Software, 82(13), 1\u201326. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18637\/jss.v082.i13","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v082.i13"},{"issue":"4","key":"650_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1109\/TETC.2014.2368833","volume":"2","author":"F Lamberti","year":"2014","unstructured":"Lamberti, F., Manuri, F., Sanna, A., Paravati, G., Pezzolla, P., & Montuschi, P. (2014). Challenges, opportunities, and future trends of emerging techniques for augmented reality-based maintenance. IEEE Transactions on Emerging Topics in Computing, 2(4), 411\u2013421.","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Emerging Topics in Computing"},{"key":"650_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lee, J. D., Wickens, C. D., Liu, Y., & Boyle, L. N. (2017). Designing for people. ShangHai, p. 173","DOI":"10.1145\/3064663.3064733"},{"key":"650_CR600","unstructured":"Milgram, P., & Kishino, F. (1994). A taxonomy of mixed reality visual displays. IEICE Transactions on Information and Systems, 77(12), 1321\u20131329"},{"issue":"1","key":"650_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1177\/001872081454114","volume":"57","author":"N Moacdieh","year":"2015","unstructured":"Moacdieh, N., & Sarter, N. (2015). Display clutter: A review of definitions and measurement techniques. Human Factors, 57(1), 61\u2013100. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/001872081454114","journal-title":"Human Factors"},{"key":"650_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Morrison, A., Oulasvirta, A., Peltonen, P., Lemmela, S., Jacucci, G., Reitmayr, G., Nasanen, J., & Juustila, A. (2009). Like bees around the hive: a comparative study of a mobile augmented reality map. In\u00a0Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on human factors in computing systems, pp. 1889\u20131898.","DOI":"10.1145\/1518701.1518991"},{"issue":"14","key":"650_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1167\/11.14.7","volume":"11","author":"MB Neider","year":"2011","unstructured":"Neider, M. B., & Zelinsky, G. J. (2011). Cutting through the clutter: Searching for targets in evolving complex scenes. Journal of Vision, 11(14), 7\u20137.","journal-title":"Journal of Vision"},{"key":"650_CR29","volume-title":"Three-dimensional imaging techniques","author":"T Okoshi","year":"2012","unstructured":"Okoshi, T. (2012). Three-dimensional imaging techniques. Elsevier."},{"key":"650_CR30","unstructured":"Olsson, T., Iham\u00e4ki, P., Lagerstam, E., Vent\u00e4-Olkkonen, L., & V\u00e4\u00e4n\u00e4nen-Vainio-Mattila, K. (2009). User expectations for mobile mixed reality services: an initial user study. In\u00a0Proceedings of 4th European Conference for Cognitive Ergonomics, 177\u2013184. New York, NY, USA: ACM Press"},{"key":"650_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Poole, C. A., Warden, A. C., Wickens, C. D., Raikwar, A., Clegg, B. A., & Ortega, F. R. (2023). Information access costs with a wide-angle desktop display. In\u00a0Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, 67(1), 947\u2013952. Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA: SAGE Publications.","DOI":"10.1177\/21695067231192646"},{"issue":"2","key":"650_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1167\/7.2.17","volume":"7","author":"R Rosenholtz","year":"2007","unstructured":"Rosenholtz, R., Li, Y., & Nakano, L. (2007). Measuring visual clutter. Journal of Vision, 7(2), 17\u201317. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1167\/7.2.17","journal-title":"Journal of Vision"},{"key":"650_CR33","first-page":"2197","volume":"7","author":"A Saxena","year":"2007","unstructured":"Saxena, A., Schulte, J., & Ng, A. Y. (2007). Depth estimation using monocular and stereo cues. In IJCAI, 7, 2197\u20132203.","journal-title":"In IJCAI"},{"key":"650_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schmider, E., Ziegler, M., Danay, E., Beyer, L., & B\u00fchner, M. (2010). Is it really robust?.\u00a0Methodology.","DOI":"10.1027\/1614-2241\/a000016"},{"key":"650_CR35","volume-title":"Visual separation and information access in aircraft display layout (Technical Report ARL-93-7\/NASA-A3I-93-1)","author":"V Schons","year":"1993","unstructured":"Schons, V., & Wickens, C. D. (1993). Visual separation and information access in aircraft display layout (Technical Report ARL-93-7\/NASA-A3I-93-1). University of Illinois, Aviation Research Laboratory."},{"key":"650_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Singmann, H., & Kellen, D. (2019). An introduction to mixed models for experimental psychology. In\u00a0New methods in cognitive psychology\u00a0(pp. 4\u201331). Routledge","DOI":"10.4324\/9780429318405-2"},{"issue":"1","key":"650_CR38","first-page":"12","volume":"10","author":"A Treisman","year":"1984","unstructured":"Treisman, A., & Paterson, R. (1984). Emergent features, attention, and object perception. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 10(1), 12.","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance"},{"issue":"11","key":"650_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1923","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6989(91)90187-A","volume":"31","author":"T Troscianko","year":"1991","unstructured":"Troscianko, T., Montagnon, R., Le Clerc, J., Malbert, E., & Chanteau, P. L. (1991). The role of colour as a monocular depth cue. Vision Research, 31(11), 1923\u20131929. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0042-6989(91)90187-A","journal-title":"Vision Research"},{"key":"650_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tu, M., Jung, H., Kim, J., & Kyme, A. (2024). Head-mounted displays in context-aware systems for open surgery: a state-of-the-art review.\u00a0IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics.","DOI":"10.1109\/JBHI.2024.3485023"},{"issue":"15","key":"650_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4116","DOI":"10.1080\/10447318.2023.2209838","volume":"40","author":"F van den Oever","year":"2024","unstructured":"van den Oever, F., Fjeld, M., & S\u00e6trevik, B. (2024). A systematic literature review of augmented reality for maritime collaboration. International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction, 40(15), 4116\u20134131. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10447318.2023.2209838","journal-title":"International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction"},{"key":"650_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Warden, A. C., Wickens, C. D., Clegg, B. A., & Ortega, F. R. (2023a). A meta-analytic examination of the cost and benefits of overlay versus separate displays. In\u00a0Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, 67(1), 1501\u20131502. Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA: SAGE Publications.","DOI":"10.1177\/21695067231192430"},{"key":"650_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Warden, A. C., Wickens, C. D., Clegg, B. A., & Ortega, F. R. (2024). Quantitative Effects of Overlay Clutter and Information Access Effort: Examining the Scan-Clutter Tradeoff in Displays with Geospatial Maps. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied.","DOI":"10.1037\/xap0000512"},{"issue":"1","key":"650_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2203","DOI":"10.1177\/1071181322661127","volume":"66","author":"AC Warden","year":"2022","unstructured":"Warden, A. C., Wickens, C. D., Rehberg, D., Clegg, B. A., & Ortega, F. R. (2022). Information access effort: Are head movements \u201cCheap\u201d or even \u201cFree\u201d? In Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, 66(1), 2203\u20132207. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1071181322661127","journal-title":"In Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting"},{"key":"650_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Warden, A. C., Wickens, C. D., Rehberg, D., Ortega, F. R., & Clegg, B. A. (2023b). Fast, accurate, but sometimes too-compelling support: The impact of imperfectly automated cues in an augmented reality head-mounted display on visual search performance.\u00a0arXiv preprint arXiv:2303.14300.","DOI":"10.1109\/THMS.2023.3302152"},{"issue":"3","key":"650_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1518\/001872095779049408","volume":"37","author":"CD Wickens","year":"1995","unstructured":"Wickens, C. D., & Carswell, C. M. (1995). The proximity compatibility principle: Its psychological foundation and relevance to display design. Human Factors, 37(3), 473\u2013494. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1518\/001872095779049408","journal-title":"Human Factors"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"650_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1080\/10508414.2017.1366270","volume":"27","author":"CD Wickens","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wickens, C. D., & Ward, J. (2017). Cockpit displays of traffic and weather information: Effects of 3D perspective versus 2D coplanar rendering and database integration. The International Journal of Aerospace Psychology, 27(1\u20132), 44\u201356. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10508414.2017.1366270","journal-title":"The International Journal of Aerospace Psychology"},{"key":"650_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1201\/9781003081579","volume-title":"Applied attention theory","author":"CD Wickens","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wickens, C. D., McCarley, J. S., & Gutzwiller, R. S. (2022). Applied attention theory. CRC Press."},{"key":"650_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Wolfe, J. M. (2021). Guided Search 6.0: An updated model of visual search. Psychonomic Bulletin and Review, 28(4), 1060\u20131092. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3758\/s13423-020-01859-9","DOI":"10.3758\/s13423-020-01859-9"},{"issue":"6","key":"650_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn1411","volume":"5","author":"JM Wolfe","year":"2004","unstructured":"Wolfe, J. M., & Horowitz, T. S. (2004). What attributes guide the deployment of visual attention and how do they do it? Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 5(6), 495\u2013501.","journal-title":"Nature Reviews Neuroscience"},{"issue":"4","key":"650_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2166","DOI":"10.1109\/TVCG.2022.3141585","volume":"29","author":"J Woodward","year":"2022","unstructured":"Woodward, J., & Ruiz, J. (2022). Analytic review of using augmented reality for situational awareness. IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics, 29(4), 2166\u20132183.","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics"},{"issue":"4","key":"650_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1518\/001872001775870359","volume":"43","author":"M Yeh","year":"2001","unstructured":"Yeh, M., & Wickens, C. D. (2001). Attentional filtering in the design of electronic map displays: A comparison of color coding, intensity coding, and decluttering techniques. Human Factors: THe Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, 43(4), 543\u2013562. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1518\/001872001775870359","journal-title":"Human Factors: THe Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society"}],"container-title":["Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s41235-025-00650-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s41235-025-00650-5\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s41235-025-00650-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,8]],"date-time":"2025-09-08T18:59:29Z","timestamp":1757357969000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/cognitiveresearchjournal.springeropen.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s41235-025-00650-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,5]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["650"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s41235-025-00650-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["2365-7464"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2365-7464","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"22 October 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 June 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"5 August 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The present study was carried out under a protocol approved by the Institutional Reviewer Board at Colorado State University, and participants provided informed consent.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"All authors consent to the publication of this manuscript.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"All data, analysis scripts, and stimuli can be found at\n                      \n                      . For any additional information, please contact the corresponding author at: acwarden@umich.edu.\u00a0None of the experiments in this manuscript were preregistered.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Open practice statement"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"47"}}