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Despite free diagnosis and care under the\u00a0National TB Elimination Programme (NTEP),\u00a0individuals often\u00a0experience significant out-of-pocket expenditure and lost productivity, causing financial catastrophe. We estimated the costs incurred by the PwTB during TB care and identified\u00a0the factors associated with the costs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In our cross-sectional study, we used multi-stage sampling to select PwTB notified under the\u00a0NTEP, whose treatment outcome was declared between May 2022 and February 2023. Total patient costs were measured through direct medical, non-medical and indirect costs. Catastrophic costs were defined as expenditure on TB care\u2009&gt;\u200920% of the annual household income. We determined the factors influencing the total cost of TB care using median regression. We plotted concentration curves to depict the equity in distribution of catastrophic costs across income quintiles. We used a cluster-adjusted, generalized model to determine the factors associated with catastrophic costs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The mean (SD) age of the 1407 PwTB interviewed was 40.8 (16.8) years. Among them, 865 (61.5%) were male, and 786 (55.9%) were economically active. Thirty-four (2.4%) had Drug Resistant TB (DRTB), and 258 (18.3%) had been hospitalized for TB. The median (Interquartile range [IQR] and 95% confidence interval [CI]) of total costs of TB care was US$386.1 (130.8, 876.9). Direct costs accounted for\u00a034% of the\u00a0total costs, with a median of US$78.4 (43.3, 153.6), while indirect costs had a median of US$279.8 (18.9,699.4). PwTB\u2009&lt;\u200960\u00a0years of age (US$446.1; 370.4, 521.8), without health insurance (US$464.2; 386.7, 541.6), and those hospitalized(US$900.4; 700.2, 1100.6) for TB experienced higher median costs. Catastrophic costs, experienced by 45% of PwTB, followed a pro-poor distribution. Hospitalized PwTB (adjusted prevalence ratio [aPR]\u2009=\u20091.9; 1.6, 2.2) and those notified from the\u00a0private sector (aPR\u2009=\u20091.4; 1.1, 1.8) were more likely to incur catastrophic costs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>PwTB in India incur high costs mainly due to lost productivity and hospitalization. Nearly half of them experience catastrophic costs, especially those from poorer economic quintiles. Enabling early notification of TB, expanding the coverage of health insurance schemes to include PwTB, and implementing\u00a0TB sensitive strategies to address social determinants of TB may significantly reduce catastrophic costs incurred by PwTB.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s41256-024-00392-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,8]],"date-time":"2024-12-08T22:48:51Z","timestamp":1733698131000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Cost of TB care and equity in distribution of catastrophic TB care costs across income quintiles in India"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6459-3659","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kathiresan","family":"Jeyashree","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeromie W. 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A non-disclosure agreement was signed between ICMR-NIE and the Central TB Division for sharing of <i>Ni-kshay<\/i> data. We obtained informed written consent from all the study participants or family members (in case of deceased PwTB) after sharing the participant information sheet in the regional language and this process was approved by the ethics committee.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"51"}}