{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,9]],"date-time":"2026-11-09T16:29:16Z","timestamp":1794241756087,"version":"4.9.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,11]],"date-time":"2025-11-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762819200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,11]],"date-time":"2025-11-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762819200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000865","name":"Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["INV-0045085"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["INV-0045085"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000865","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["glob health res policy"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Self-care behaviors are essential for managing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), even among patients receiving specialized clinical care. However, limited evidence exists on how these behaviors affect glycemic outcomes in Nigerian patients already engaged with endocrinology services. This study assessed self-care practices and their association with glycemic control among T2DM patients attending two specialized clinics in Gusau, Nigeria.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A cross-sectional study was conducted among 262 adult T2DM patients from two endocrinology clinics in Gusau, Nigeria. Participants were recruited using a convenience sampling approach during routine clinic visits. Each completed questionnaires on demographics, the Summary of Diabetes Self-Care Activities (SDSCA), and the Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS-4). Fasting blood glucose levels were used to assess glycemic control. Logistic regression analyzed the association between self-care behaviors and glycemic outcomes; linear regression identified influencing factors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Among 262 participants, 45.8% had uncontrolled fasting blood glucose (\u2265\u20097\u00a0mmol\/L). Higher overall self-care scores were significantly associated with better glycemic control (OR\u20090.83; 95% CI 0.78\u20130.88;\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Dietary adherence (OR\u20090.72; 95% CI 0.61\u20130.85), physical activity (OR\u20090.74; 95% CI 0.65\u20130.84), and blood glucose monitoring (OR\u20090.22; 95% CI 0.09\u20130.54) were significantly associated with improved glycemic outcomes. Foot care (OR\u20090.98;\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.797) and medication adherence (OR\u20093.21;\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.095) showed no significant association. Males, older adults (\u2265\u200960\u00a0years), and Yoruba\/Igbo participants had lower dietary scores, while exercise scores were higher among males, singles, and Igbo patients. Longer diabetes duration (\u2265\u200920\u00a0years) was linked to better medication adherence and exercise.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Self-care behaviors were significantly associated with glycemic control among T2DM patients attending two specialized endocrinology clinics in Gusau, Nigeria. Interventions tailored to demographic and cultural contexts are essential to strengthen adherence in key areas such as diet, physical activity, and glucose monitoring. These findings underscore the importance of supporting self-management, even in patients with established access to clinical care.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s41256-025-00427-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,10]],"date-time":"2025-11-10T23:02:11Z","timestamp":1762815731000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Self-care behaviors and glycemic control in Nigerian patients with type 2 diabetes: a pilot cross-sectional study"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Muhammad Idris","family":"Abdullahi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanxin","family":"Bi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Minmin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad Hamza","family":"Ashiru","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhi-Jie","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0634-3955","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yinzi","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"427_CR1","unstructured":"Federation ID. 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Written informed consent was obtained from all participants after a detailed explanation of the study. Every participant received thorough descriptions of the processes, goals, possible dangers, and advantages of the research. Prior to data collection, the participants were asked to sign informed permission forms, which guaranteed their voluntary participation. Approval was granted with the understanding that the Guidelines for the Ethical Research Practice (\n                      \n                      ) would be strictly adhered to.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"All authors listed in this paper have read the manuscript and agreed to submit the manuscript for publication.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The datasets generated and\/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Availability of data and materials"}},{"value":"The authors declare no conflict of interest.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}],"article-number":"60"}}