{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T00:00:33Z","timestamp":1785456033134,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":10,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,10]],"date-time":"2025-11-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762732800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,10]],"date-time":"2025-11-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762732800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["glob health res policy"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Driven by climate change, viral evolution, intensified human mobility, and increasing population susceptibility, mosquito-borne diseases are extending their geographic range and public health impact worldwide. The 2025 chikungunya outbreak in Foshan, Guangdong Province, provided a critical real-world assessment of the province\u2019s local surveillance and emergency response system. This commentary aims to elucidate the effectiveness, strengths, and limitations of Foshan\u2019s outbreak response, and to identify lessons for strengthening early warning and vector-borne disease preparedness. Containment was achieved within three weeks through coordinated multi-sectoral emergency activation, rapid case detection, and precision vector control. However, the response also exposed systemic vulnerabilities, including delayed activation of warning mechanisms, limitations in entomological surveillance, and deficiencies in multi-source data integration. Addressing these gaps will require establishing a multi-source, data-driven early warning system; institutionalizing standardized cross-border surveillance and response protocols; expanding genomic and epidemiological research capacity; and strengthening research capacities and workforce resources from a global perspective to enhance global preparedness against emerging mosquito-borne diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1186\/s41256-025-00458-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,10]],"date-time":"2025-11-10T08:13:49Z","timestamp":1762762429000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["The outbreak, response, and reflections on the chikungunya fever epidemic in Foshan City, China"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-5100-9632","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nuosu","family":"Nama","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yujie","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junwen","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhuoya","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yongyue","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4146-9262","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuantao","family":"Hao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"458_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1394","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2008.140333","volume":"20","author":"RS Nasci","year":"2014","unstructured":"Nasci RS. Movement of Chikungunya virus into the Western Hemisphere. Emerg Infect Dis. 2014;20:1394. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3201\/eid2008.140333.","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"458_CR2","unstructured":"Chikungunya virus disease worldwide overview. https:\/\/www.ecdc.europa.eu\/en\/chikungunya-monthly. Accessed 10 Aug 2025."},{"key":"458_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-017-2371-6","volume":"10","author":"J Elsinga","year":"2017","unstructured":"Elsinga J, van der Veen HT, Gerstenbluth I, Burgerhof JGM, Dijkstra A, Grobusch MP, et al. Community participation in mosquito breeding site control: an interdisciplinary mixed methods study in cura\u00e7ao. Parasit Vectors. 2017;10:1\u201314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13071-017-2371-6.","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"key":"458_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-021-04785-4","volume":"14","author":"SJ Gan","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gan SJ, Leong YQ, Bin Barhanuddin MFH, Wong ST, Wong SF, Mak JW, et al. Dengue fever and insecticide resistance in Aedes mosquitoes in Southeast Asia: a review. Parasit Vectors. 2021;14:1\u201319. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13071-021-04785-4.","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"key":"458_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"582","DOI":"10.13604\/j.cnki.46-1064\/r.2025.05.09","volume":"25","author":"Y Feng","year":"2025","unstructured":"Feng Y, Zhang H. Research progress on the epidemiology and pathogenic biology of chikungunya fever in China. China Trop Med. 2025;25:582\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.13604\/j.cnki.46-1064\/r.2025.05.09.","journal-title":"China Trop Med"},{"key":"458_CR6","unstructured":"WHO sounds alarm on risk of chikungunya epidemic, foshan reports 2,600 cases. https:\/\/www.thestandard.com.hk\/world-news\/article\/307330\/WHO-sounds-alarm-on-risk-of-chikungunya-epidemic-Foshan-reports-2600-cases. Accessed 10 Aug 2025."},{"key":"458_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.3760\/cma.j.cn112338-20220210-00106","volume":"43","author":"W Yang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yang W, Zhang T. Strategy and measures in response to highly uncertain emerging infectious disease. Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi. 2022;43:627\u201333. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3760\/cma.j.cn112338-20220210-00106.","journal-title":"Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi"},{"key":"458_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-025-21539-4","volume":"25","author":"PA De Best","year":"2025","unstructured":"De Best PA, Broekhuizen H, Sikkema RS, Koopmans MPG, Timen A. One Health preparedness and response for mosquito-borne viruses: a stakeholder- and social network-analysis in the Netherlands. BMC Public Health. 2025;25:1\u201314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12889-025-21539-4.","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"458_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"126483","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2024.126483","volume":"42","author":"C Maure","year":"2024","unstructured":"Maure C, Khazhidinov K, Kang H, Auzenbergs M. Chikungunya vaccine development, challenges, and pathway toward public health impact. Vaccine. 2024;42:126483. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.vaccine.2024.126483.","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"458_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lana.2023.100673","author":"WMde Souza","year":"2024","unstructured":"Souza WMde, Ribeiro GS, Lima STSde, Jesus R, Moreira FRR, Whittaker C, et al. Chikungunya: a decade of burden in the Americas. The Lancet Regional Health. 2024. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.lana.2023.100673.","journal-title":"The Lancet Regional Health"}],"container-title":["Global Health Research and Policy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s41256-025-00458-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s41256-025-00458-2\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s41256-025-00458-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,14]],"date-time":"2026-01-14T15:27:17Z","timestamp":1768404437000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ghrp.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s41256-025-00458-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,10]]},"references-count":10,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["458"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s41256-025-00458-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["2397-0642"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2397-0642","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"19 August 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"2 October 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"10 November 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable. This commentary is based on publicly available epidemiological and policy data; no primary human or animal research was conducted.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"59"}}