{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,7]],"date-time":"2026-11-07T22:05:05Z","timestamp":1794089105681,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]],"date-time":"2026-03-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774396800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]],"date-time":"2026-03-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774396800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pneumonia"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s41479-026-00196-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]],"date-time":"2026-03-25T00:01:16Z","timestamp":1774396876000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Eosinopenia and prognosis in severe community-acquired pneumonia"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Catia","family":"Cilloniz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tatiana","family":"Casta\u00f1eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Campanella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Riccardo","family":"Guglielmi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Albert","family":"Gabarr\u00fas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Granero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cristina","family":"Calvo-Garc\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Angeles","family":"Marcos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antoni","family":"Torres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"196_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1186\/s12931-022-02117-3","volume":"23","author":"MW Pletz","year":"2022","unstructured":"Pletz MW, Jensen AV, Bahrs C, et al. Unmet needs in pneumonia research: a comprehensive approach by the CAPNETZ study group. Respir Res. 2022;23:239.","journal-title":"Respir Res"},{"key":"196_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e065871","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj-2021-065871","volume":"375","author":"C Cill\u00f3niz","year":"2021","unstructured":"Cill\u00f3niz C, Torres A, Niederman MS. Management of pneumonia in critically ill patients. BMJ. 2021;375:e065871.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"196_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-021-00259-0","volume":"7","author":"A Torres","year":"2021","unstructured":"Torres A, Cilloniz C, Niederman MS, et al. Pneumonia. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2021;7:25.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Primers"},{"key":"196_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cilloniz C, Videla A, Peric\u00e0s JM. Identifying predictors of treatment failure with community-acquired pneumonia: an update. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther. 2025.","DOI":"10.1080\/14787210.2025.2527972"},{"key":"196_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2022.01.003","volume":"58","author":"F Garc\u00eda-R\u00edo","year":"2022","unstructured":"Garc\u00eda-R\u00edo F, Alc\u00e1zar-Navarrete B, Castillo-Villegas D, et al. Biological biomarkers in respiratory diseases. Arch Bronconeumol. 2022;58:323\u201333.","journal-title":"Arch Bronconeumol"},{"key":"196_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2010.03.002","volume":"25","author":"H Shaaban","year":"2010","unstructured":"Shaaban H, Daniel S, Sison R, et al. Eosinopenia: is it a good marker of sepsis in comparison to procalcitonin and C-reactive protein levels for patients admitted to a critical care unit in an urban hospital? J Crit Care. 2010;25:570\u20135.","journal-title":"J Crit Care"},{"key":"196_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1007\/s12630-021-01920-8","volume":"68","author":"Z Al Duhailib","year":"2021","unstructured":"Al Duhailib Z, Farooqi M, Piticaru J, et al. The role of eosinophils in sepsis and acute respiratory distress syndrome: a scoping review. Can J Anaesth. 2021;68:715\u201326.","journal-title":"Can J Anaesth"},{"key":"196_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3551","DOI":"10.2147\/COPD.S347948","volume":"16","author":"Y Mao","year":"2021","unstructured":"Mao Y, Qian Y, Sun X, et al. Eosinopenia predicting long-term mortality in hospitalized acute exacerbation of COPD patients with community-acquired pneumonia-a retrospective analysis. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis. 2021;16:3551\u20139.","journal-title":"Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis"},{"key":"196_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e14047","DOI":"10.1111\/ijcp.14047","volume":"75","author":"M Cazzaniga","year":"2021","unstructured":"Cazzaniga M, Fumagalli LAM, D\u2019angelo L, et al. Eosinopenia is a reliable marker of severe disease and unfavourable outcome in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. Int J Clin Pract. 2021;75:e14047.","journal-title":"Int J Clin Pract"},{"key":"196_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1329","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2024.05.041","volume":"166","author":"BC Weckler","year":"2024","unstructured":"Weckler BC, Pott H, Race A, et al. Eosinopenia as predictor of disease severity in patients with Community-Acquired pneumonia: an observational study. CHEST Elsevier. 2024;166:1329\u201333.","journal-title":"CHEST Elsevier"},{"key":"196_CR11","unstructured":"Jones BE, Ramirez JA, Oren E, et al. Diagnosis and management of community-acquired pneumonia: an official American Thoracic Society clinical practice guideline. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2025."},{"key":"196_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2371","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(25)01493-X","volume":"406","author":"LF Reyes","year":"2025","unstructured":"Reyes LF, Conway Morris A, Serrano-Mayorga C, et al. Community-acquired pneumonia. Lancet. 2025;406:2371\u201388.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"196_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1007","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2013-203828","volume":"68","author":"E Polverino","year":"2013","unstructured":"Polverino E, Torres A, Menendez R, et al. Microbial aetiology of healthcare associated pneumonia in spain: a prospective, multicentre, case-control study. Thorax. 2013;68:1007\u201314.","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"196_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S27","DOI":"10.1086\/511159","volume":"44","author":"LA Mandell","year":"2007","unstructured":"Mandell LA, Wunderink RG, Anzueto A, et al. Infectious diseases society of America\/American thoracic society consensus guidelines on the management of community-acquired pneumonia in adults. Clin Infect Dis. 2007;44(Suppl 2):S27\u201372.","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"196_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2231","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medcli.2012.09.034","volume":"140","author":"A Torres","year":"2013","unstructured":"Torres A, Barber\u00e1n J, Falguera M, et al. [Multidisciplinary guidelines for the management of community-acquired pneumonia]. Med Clin (Barc). 2013;140:e2231\u2013223.e19.","journal-title":"Med Clin (Barc)"},{"key":"196_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2016.0287","volume":"315","author":"M Singer","year":"2016","unstructured":"Singer M, Deutschman CS, Seymour CW, et al. The third international consensus definitions for sepsis and septic shock (Sepsis-3). JAMA. 2016;315:801\u201310.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"196_CR17","first-page":"2526","volume":"307","author":"VM Ranieri","year":"2012","unstructured":"ARDS Definition Task Force, Ranieri VM, Rubenfeld GD, et al. Acute respiratory distress syndrome: the Berlin definition. JAMA. 2012;307:2526\u201333.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"196_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01709751","volume":"22","author":"JL Vincent","year":"1996","unstructured":"Vincent JL, Moreno R, Takala J, et al. The SOFA (Sepsis-related organ failure Assessment) score to describe organ dysfunction\/failure. On behalf of the working group on Sepsis-Related problems of the European society of intensive care medicine. Intensive Care Med. 1996;22:707\u201310.","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"196_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199701233360402","volume":"336","author":"MJ Fine","year":"1997","unstructured":"Fine MJ, Auble TE, Yealy DM, et al. A prediction rule to identify low-risk patients with community-acquired pneumonia. N Engl J Med. 1997;336:243\u201350.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"196_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1136\/thorax.58.5.377","volume":"58","author":"WS Lim","year":"2003","unstructured":"Lim WS, van der Eerden MM, Laing R, et al. Defining community acquired pneumonia severity on presentation to hospital: an international derivation and validation study. Thorax. 2003;58:377\u201382.","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"196_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-017-4683-6","volume":"43","author":"A Rhodes","year":"2017","unstructured":"Rhodes A, Evans LE, Alhazzani W, et al. Surviving sepsis campaign: international guidelines for management of sepsis and septic shock: 2016. Intensive Care Med. 2017;43:304\u201377.","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"196_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bellomo R, Ronco C, Kellum JA, et al. Acute renal failure - definition, outcome measures, animal models, fluid therapy and information technology needs: the Second International Consensus Conference of the Acute Dialysis Quality Initiative (ADQI) Group. Crit Care. 2004;8:R204-212.","DOI":"10.1186\/cc2872"},{"key":"196_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.2010.143982","volume":"66","author":"C Cill\u00f3niz","year":"2011","unstructured":"Cill\u00f3niz C, Ewig S, Polverino E, et al. Microbial aetiology of community-acquired pneumonia and its relation to severity. Thorax. 2011;66:340\u20136.","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"196_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"999","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.13-0062","volume":"144","author":"C Cill\u00f3niz","year":"2013","unstructured":"Cill\u00f3niz C, Polverino E, Ewig S, et al. Impact of age and comorbidity on cause and outcome in community-acquired pneumonia. Chest. 2013;144:999\u20131007.","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"196_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1147","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.4780140936","volume":"14","author":"H David Collett","year":"1995","unstructured":"David Collett H. Modelling survival data in medical research. Stat Med. 1995;14:1147\u20138.","journal-title":"Stat Med"},{"key":"196_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4899-4541-9","volume-title":"An introduction to the bootstrap. Monographs on statistics and applied probability","author":"B Efron","year":"1993","unstructured":"Efron B, Tibshirani R. An introduction to the bootstrap. Monographs on statistics and applied probability. New York: Chapman and Hall.; 1993."},{"key":"196_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"b2393","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.b2393","volume":"338","author":"JAC Sterne","year":"2009","unstructured":"Sterne JAC, White IR, Carlin JB, et al. Multiple imputation for missing data in epidemiological and clinical research: potential and pitfalls. BMJ. 2009;338:b2393.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"196_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1900057","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.00057-2019","volume":"54","author":"BJ Webb","year":"2019","unstructured":"Webb BJ, Sorensen J, Jephson A, et al. Broad-spectrum antibiotic use and poor outcomes in community-onset pneumonia: a cohort study. Eur Respir J. 2019;54:1900057.","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"196_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"DeLong ER, DeLong DM, Clarke-Pearson DL. Comparing the areas under two or more correlated receiver operating characteristic curves: a nonparametric approach. Biometrics 1988;44:837\u2013845.","DOI":"10.2307\/2531595"},{"key":"196_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"834","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2006.10.018","volume":"60","author":"EMW van de Garde","year":"2007","unstructured":"van de Garde EMW, Oosterheert JJ, Bonten M, et al. International classification of diseases codes showed modest sensitivity for detecting community-acquired pneumonia. J Clin Epidemiol. 2007;60:834\u20138.","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"196_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2541084","DOI":"10.1080\/07853890.2025.2541084","volume":"57","author":"L Pinte","year":"2025","unstructured":"Pinte L, Dumitru A-C, Usurelu A-C, et al. Low eosinophils and their dynamic as a predictor of death in patients with infections: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies. Ann Med. 2025;57:2541084.","journal-title":"Ann Med"},{"key":"196_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1329","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2024.05.041","volume":"166","author":"BC Weckler","year":"2024","unstructured":"Weckler BC, Pott H, Race A, et al. Eosinopenia as predictor of disease severity in patients with Community-Acquired pneumonia. Chest. 2024;166:1329\u201333.","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"196_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kirac A, Satici C. Do Eosinopenic patients with community-acquired pneumonia really have a worse outcome? Chest 2025;168: e15.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2025.01.039"},{"key":"196_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"961","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm8070961","volume":"8","author":"C Cill\u00f3niz","year":"2019","unstructured":"Cill\u00f3niz C, Domined\u00f2 C, Ielpo A, et al. Risk and prognostic factors in very old patients with sepsis secondary to Community-Acquired pneumonia. J Clin Med. 2019;8:961.","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"196_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2025.01.001","volume":"61","author":"C Cill\u00f3niz","year":"2025","unstructured":"Cill\u00f3niz C, Calabretta D, Palomeque A, et al. Risk factors and outcomes associated with polymicrobial infection in Community-Acquired pneumonia. Arch Bronconeumol. 2025;61:408\u201316.","journal-title":"Arch Bronconeumol"},{"key":"196_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.1097\/CM9.0000000000001690","volume":"135","author":"F Wang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wang F, Yang L, Wang M, et al. Association between blood eosinophil count and bacterial infection and clinical outcomes in patients with severe exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Chin Med J (Engl). 2021;135:462\u20134.","journal-title":"Chin Med J (Engl)"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"196_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1111\/ijlh.13425","volume":"43","author":"M Soni","year":"2021","unstructured":"Soni M. Evaluation of eosinopenia as a diagnostic and prognostic indicator in COVID-19 infection. Int J Lab Hematol. 2021;43(Suppl 1):137\u201341.","journal-title":"Int J Lab Hematol"},{"key":"196_CR38","first-page":"166","volume":"57","author":"S Karakonstantis","year":"2019","unstructured":"Karakonstantis S, Gryllou N, Papazoglou G, et al. Eosinophil count (EC) as a diagnostic and prognostic marker for infection in the internal medicine department setting. Rom J Intern Med. 2019;57:166\u201374.","journal-title":"Rom J Intern Med"},{"key":"196_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1170035","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1170035","volume":"14","author":"I Macchia","year":"2023","unstructured":"Macchia I, La Sorsa V, Urbani F, et al. Eosinophils as potential biomarkers in respiratory viral infections. Front Immunol. 2023;14:1170035.","journal-title":"Front Immunol"}],"container-title":["Pneumonia"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s41479-026-00196-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s41479-026-00196-0","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s41479-026-00196-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]],"date-time":"2026-03-25T00:01:17Z","timestamp":1774396877000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1186\/s41479-026-00196-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["196"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s41479-026-00196-0","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-7899511\/v1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2200-6133"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2200-6133","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]]},"assertion":[{"value":"19 October 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"18 January 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"25 March 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"For publication purposes, the study was approved by the Ethics Committee of our institution (Comit\u00e9 \u00c8tic d\u2019Investigaci\u00f3 Cl\u00ednica, register: 2009\/5451). The need for written informed consent was waived because of the non-interventional study design.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"7"}}